| Improving the outcome of people with primary brain tumours and their carers using early palliative interventions |
| Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents |
| In adults, does oxygen therapy during the non-breathing period before intubation prevent complications? |
| In areas where malaria is common, malaria drug prophylaxis benefits people with sickle cell disease |
| In boys having circumcision the need for additional (rescue) analgesia is similar whether caudal or penile block is used |
| In children or grown-ups who have not been previously exposed to hepatitis B infection or whose exposure status is not known, hepatitis B vaccination as compared with no hepatitis B vaccination has an unclear effect on the risk of developing hepatitis B i |
| In children with liver disease, who have enlarged veins in the oesophagus (food pipe), does placing an elastic ring around the vein prevent it from bleeding? |
| In IVF, does transferring the embryo in media containing high concentrations of hyaluronic acid result in more live births? |
| In people undergoing emergency surgery to the chest or abdomen, how effective is transfusing a person's own blood compared with donor blood |
| In people who have had a heart attack because of blocked heart arteries insertion of thin metal tubes (stents) were better than using small balloons to open the arteries up again |
| In people with a bleeding ulcer in the stomach or duodenum there is no evidence of a difference in the risk of death if they are treated with a proton pump inhibitor, or an H2-receptor antagonist, or if they are given no specific drug treatment. However, |
| In people with asthma are single inhalers that contain both formoterol and budesonide better than current best practice? |
| In people with bone marrow disorders, a comparison of giving platelet transfusions only when bleeding occurs to also giving them to prevent bleeding |
| In preterm infants, how accurate are the blood tests BNP and NT-proBNP in identifying PDAs (patent ductus arteriosus) that require further treatment? |
| In stable COPD, should inhaled corticosteroids be used with combination long-acting beta2-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist inhalers? |
| In the later stages of Parkinson's disease, side effects occur because of the use of levodopa in its treatment. These consist of involuntary writhing movements (dyskinesia), painful cramps in the legs and a shortened response to each dose referred to as ' |
| In the later stages of Parkinson's disease, side effects occur because of the use of levodopa in its treatment. These consist of involuntary writhing movements (dyskinesia), painful cramps in the legs and a shortened response to each dose referred to as ' |
| In vitro fertilisation compared to other options for unexplained subfertility |
| In vitro fertilisation versus tubal reanastomosis (sterilisation reversal) for subfertility after tubal sterilisation |
| In women who have had one or both breasts removed, which breast reconstruction technique leads to better quality of life: use of implants or use of the woman's own tissue? |
| In women who have had one or both breasts removed, which breast reconstruction technique leads to better quality of life: use of implants or use of the woman's own tissue? |
| In-bag manual versus uncontained power morcellation for laparoscopic myomectomy |
| In-hospital care pathways for stroke |
| In-hospital motor interventions to reduce neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants: a scoping review |
| In-service training for health professionals to improve care of seriously ill newborns and children in low-income countries |
| Inaugural Editor in Chief of Cochrane Clinical Answers announced |
| Incentive spirometry for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery |
| Incentive-based and non-incentive-based interventions for increasing blood donation |
| Incentive-based interventions for increasing physical activity and fitness |
| Incentives and disincentives to participation by clinicians in randomised controlled trials |
| Incentives and enablers for improving patient adherence to tuberculosis diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment |
| Incentives for lay health workers to improve recruitment, retention in service and performance |
| Including chemotherapy in the treatment of high-grade glioma improves survival |
| Inconclusive evidence of the effectiveness of health and/or social interventions designed to help support the carers of people with Alzheimer's-type dementias. |
| Inconclusive evidence suggests zinc may slightly shorten common cold |
| Inconclusive findings on the effects of art therapy for people with dementia |
| Inconclusive, but promising evidence for the efficacy of functional analysis interventions for challenging behaviour in dementia |
| Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/ chronic lung disease |
| Increased fruit and vegetable intake to prevent cardiovascular disease |
| Increased police patrols for preventing alcohol-impaired driving |
| Increased salt in solution to maintain fluid during surgery |
| Increased water intake for preventing urinary stones |
| Increasing antipsychotic dose versus switching to a different antipsychotic for people with schizophrenia who do not respond to initial treatment |
| Increasing male involvement to improve women’s uptake of interventions to reduce the mother to child transmission of HIV |
| Increasing motorcycle and rider conspicuity for preventing death and injury in motorcyclists |
| Increasing pedestrian and cyclist visibility to prevent deaths and injuries |
| Increasing the dose of inhaled steroids or continuing the usual dose to treat asthma attacks in adults and children |
| Increasing the provision of physical activity advice by healthcare professionals |
| Increasing versus maintaining the dose of antipsychotic medication for people with schizophrenia who do not respond to treatment |
| Incremental versus standard dialysis for people with kidney failure |
| Indacaterol for the treatment of people with stable COPD |
| Independent living programmes for improving outcomes for young people leaving the care system |
| Indigenous healthcare worker involvement for indigenous adults and children with asthma |
| Individual or group antenatal education for childbirth or parenthood, or both |
| Individual Patient Education for low-back pain |
| Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness |
| Individual therapy for people diagnosed with cancer |
| Individual-, family-, and school-level interventions for preventing multiple risk behaviours relating to alcohol, tobacco and drug use in individuals aged 8 to 25 years |
| Individualized developmental care interventions for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants |
| Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk |
| Indocyanine green angiography versus clinical evaluation in preventing postoperative complications following breast reconstruction after mastectomy |
| Indometacin in use as a single dose for treating acute postoperative pain |
| Indomethacin for asymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants |
| Indomethacin for controlling internal skull pressure in adults with severe traumatic brain injury |
| Indomethacin for treatment of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants |
| Indoor air modification interventions for prolonged non-specific cough in children |
| Indoor bathing in salt water followed by exposure to artificial ultraviolet B light for chronic plaque psoriasis |
| Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria |
| Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria |
| Induced hypertension for preventing complications of delayed cerebral ischaemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage |
| Induced hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia during endoscopic sinus surgery |
| Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| Induction methods for women who have had a prior caesarean birth |
| Induction of labour at or near the end of pregnancy for babies suspected of being very large (macrosomia) |
| Induction of labour in women with normal pregnancies at or beyond 37 weeks |
| Industry sponsorship and research outcome |
| Inexpensive drug can prevent cerebral palsy in premature babies |
| Infant pacifiers for reduction in risk of sudden infant death syndrome |
| Infant positioning for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants |
| Infection control strategies for preventing the spread of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing homes for older people |
| Infection risk after surgery in patients using medications for inflammatory bowel disease |
| Infliximab for rheumatoid arthritis |
| Infliximab for the maintenance of successful treatment in Crohn's Disease |
| Infliximab for the treatment of active Crohn's disease |
| Influence of beta-blockers on perioperative adverse events |
| Influenza (flu) vaccination for preventing influenza in adults with cancer |
| Influenza is an acute infection of the airways and the whole body, caused by a virus |
| Influenza vaccination in children being treated with chemotherapy for cancer |
| Influenza vaccine for children and adults with bronchiectasis |
| Influenza vaccine for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| Influenza vaccine for people with HIV/AIDS |
| Influenza vaccine for preventing acute otitis media (middle ear infection) |
| Information and communication technologies (ICT) for promoting sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and preventing HIV infection in adolescents and young adults |
| Information and communication technology-based cognitive remediation for supporting treatment compliance for people with serious mental illness |
| Information and promotional strategies by pharmaceutical companies for clinicians |
| Information for adult intensive care unit patients and their carers |
| Information for Journalists |
| Information provision to help people with multiple sclerosis make informed decisions |
| Information to encourage pregnant women to attempt vaginal birth has not been shown to change caesarean birth rates |
| Informing consumers about how well birth control works |
| Infraorbital nerve block for pain after cleft lip surgery in children |
| Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis |
| Inhaled analgesia for relieving pain during labour |
| Inhaled beclomethasone compared with placebo for chronic asthma |
| Inhaled beta2-agonists for asthma in mechanically ventilated patients |
| Inhaled beta2-agonists for non-specific chronic cough in children |
| Inhaled corticosteroid effects on bone metabolism in asthma and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Inhaled corticosteroids compared to placebo for prevention of exercise induced bronchoconstriction |
| Inhaled corticosteroids compared with placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| Inhaled corticosteroids during acute bronchiolitis in the prevention of post-bronchiolitic wheezing |
| Inhaled corticosteroids for acute asthma following emergency department discharge |
| Inhaled corticosteroids for adults with cough lasting over three weeks |
| Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis |
| Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute cough in children |
| Inhaled corticosteroids for treating non-specific chronic cough in children |
| Inhaled corticosteroids versus sodium cromoglycate in children and adults with asthma |
| Inhaled cromones for prolonged non-specific cough in children |
| Inhaled drugs for opening up the airways in cases of acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease |
| Inhaled drugs to open up the airways of people with cystic fibrosis |
| Inhaled fluticasone versus 'extrafine' HFA-beclomethasone dipropionate for chronic asthma in adults and children |
| Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis |
| INHALED INSTEAD OF INJECTED SHORT-ACTING INSULIN APPEARS NO MORE EFFECTIVE FOR GLYCAEMIC CONTROL BUT MAY BE PREFERRED BY PEOPLE WITH DIABETES |
| Inhaled moist air for croup probably provides no benefit in emergency settings |
| Inhaled nitric oxide for acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease |
| Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants |
| Inhaled nitric oxide for treating pain crises in people with sickle cell disease |
| Inhaled nitric oxide to treat high blood pressure of the pulmonary vessels after surgery in infants and children with congenital heart disease |
| Inhaled non-steroid anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) for children and adults with bronchiectasis |
| Inhaled short acting beta2-agonist use in chronic asthma: regular versus as needed treatment |
| Inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists versus ipratropium for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Inhaled steroids for episodic viral wheeze of childhood |
| Inhaled steroids for lung disease in newborns |
| Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events |
| Inhaled versus oral steroids for adults with chronic asthma |
| Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates |
| Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants |
| Inhaling antibiotics to treat lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis |
| Inhaling antibiotics to treat temporary worsening of lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis |
| Inhibition of blood vessel formation in advanced cervical cancer |
| Initial antibiotic treatment for coverage of 'atypical' pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults |
| Initial high dose of quinine to treat severe malaria |
| Initial treatment for adults with advanced kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma) |
| Initiation of complementary feeding before four months of age for prevention of postnatal growth restriction in preterm infants |
| Injectable birth control with both progestin and estrogen |
| Injectable blood thinners (anticoagulants) in patients with cancer |
| Injectable gold for treating rheumatoid arthritis |
| Injectable local anaesthetic agents for preventing pain in participants requiring dental treatment |
| Injected versus inhaled medicines to maintain general anaesthesia during non-cardiac surgery for cognitive outcomes in elderly people |
| Injection of bulking material around the anus (back passage) for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults |
| Injection of Chinese herbal extract for chest pain of unstable angina |
| Injection of lignocaine into a dislocated shoulder joint versus injection of a pain-relieving drug with or without injection of a sedative drug into a vein for the purpose of manual manipulation of acute (less than 48 hours old) anterior (towards the fron |
| Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins |
| Injection therapy for subacute and chronic low-back pain |
| Injection treatment for painful Achilles tendons in adults |
| Injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for advanced diabetic retinopathy |
| Injections of bulking agents for urinary incontinence in women |
| Injury prevention programmes (IPPs) for preventing anterior cruciate ligament injuries |
| Injury to the lining of the womb to improve pregnancy rates in couples having sexual intercourse or having sperm placed into the womb |
| Inked with knowledge: Cochrane logo tattoo reflects dedication to evidence-based healthcare |
| Innovative Global Data-Sharing Platform Vivli Launches |
| Inosine for multiple sclerosis |
| Inositol for depression |
| Inositol for women with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome and subfertility |
| Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome |
| Inotropic and vasodilator strategies in people with cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output |
| Inpatient hospital care compared to outpatient or day care for people with eating disorders |
| Inpatient versus other settings for detoxification for opioid dependence |
| Insecticide space spraying for preventing malaria transmission |
| Insecticide-treated nets for preventing malaria |
| Insecticide-treated nets for preventing malaria in pregnancy |
| Inserting a contraceptive implant at the same visit as an abortion or at a follow-up visit |
| Inserting a drain after gastrectomy for gastric cancer |
| Inserting an IUD right after abortion or miscarriage versus at a later time |
| Insertion of a stent improves symptoms in superior vena cava obstruction caused by lung cancer, while chemotherapy and radiotherapy can also be effective |
| Insoles for the prevention and treatment of back pain |
| Inspections to prevent occupational diseases and injuries |
| Inspiratory muscle training and exercise versus exercise alone for asthma |
| Inspiratory muscle training and physical training for reducing neuromuscular dysfunction in critically ill adults in intensive care units |
| Inspiratory muscle training for asthma |
| Inspiratory muscle training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Inspiratory muscle training for the recovery of function after stroke |
| Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants |
| Instruments for assisted vaginal birth |
| Instruments to use for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis |
| Insufficient data are available on the benefits of the COMT inhibitor tolcapone compared with the dopamine agonists bromocriptine and pergolide in relieving the symptoms of later Parkinson's disease. |
| Insufficient data to determine the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for dementia |
| Insufficient evidence from randomized, placebo-controlled studies to support a recommendation that trazodone should be prescribed, or not prescribed, for BPSD |
| Insufficient evidence from trials comparing CAPD (home dialysis without a machine) with hospital dialysis for people with kidney failure |
| Insufficient evidence of benefits of vinpocetine for people with dementia |
| Insufficient evidence of the efficacy of thiamine for people with Alzheimer's disease |
| Insufficient evidence so far to support the community approach to burns and scalds prevention |
| Insufficient evidence to confirm an association between hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition |
| Insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the possibility that massage and touch interventions are effective for dementia or associated problems |
| Insufficient evidence to establish the long-term effectiveness of universal screening versus selective screening programmes for childhood deafness. |
| Insufficient evidence to support or refute glucocorticosteroids for primary sclerosing cholangitis |
| Insulation for preventing hypothermia during operations |
| Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes |
| Insulin monotherapy versus combinations of insulin with oral hypoglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Insulin therapy for glycaemic control in critically ill children |
| Insulin-like growth factor-1 for the prevention or treatment of retinopathy of prematurity |
| Insulin-sensitising drugs for women with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome and subfertility |
| Insulin-sensitising therapies for preventing progression of diabetic kidney disease |
| Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low- and middle-income countries |
| Integrated compared with non-integrated orbital implants for treating anophthalmic sockets |
| Integrated disease management for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children younger than five years of age |
| Integrating healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries |
| Integrating HIV/AIDS services with services focused on the health of mothers, infants and children, as well as on nutrition and family planning |
| Integrating interventions for prevention of transmission of HIV from mothers to infants during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding with other healthcare services to increase the coverage |
| Intense-pulsed light (IPL) therapy for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction |
| Intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury |
| Intensity of exercise for osteoarthritis |
| Intensity of stationary cycling, treadmill or ground walking as a mild form of exercise for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| Intensity-modulated versus conventional radiotherapy for breast cancer |
| Intensive case management for people with severe mental illness |
| Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| Intensive water treatment and low-grade aluminium intoxication in chronic haemodialysed patients |
| Interaction of calcium channel blockers and grapefruit juice in healthy adults |
| Interactive computer-based interventions for weight loss or weight maintenance in overweight or obese people |
| Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes |
| Intercessory Prayer for the alleviation of ill health |
| Interferon alfa for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration |
| Interferon alfa improves liver biochemistry and viral clearance in transfusion-acquired acute hepatitis C |
| Interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis B |
| Interferon alpha for patients with chronic hepatitis D |
| Interferon alpha versus any other drug for chronic hepatitis D |
| Interferon beta for chronic hepatitis B |
| Interferon beta for Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis |
| Interferon for anogenital warts in non-immunocompromised adults |
| Interferon for hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Interferon for interferon nonresponding and relapsing patients with chronic hepatitis C |
| Interferon for people with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B virus infection |
| Interferon for the treatment of melanoma patients after surgical removal of their tumour |
| Interferon gamma for chronic hepatitis B |
| Interferon therapy after surgery in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer |
| Interferon-alpha in the maintenance therapy of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| Interferons show efficacy on virologic, biochemical, and histological outcomes in interferon naive patients with chronic hepatitis C |
| Interleukin 10 (IL-10) for induction of remission in Crohn's disease |
| Interleukin 2 receptor antagonists (IL2Ra) reduce the risk of acute rejection episodes at six and twelve months after kidney transplantation |
| Interleukin inhibitors for psoriatic arthritis |
| Interleukin-1 inhibitors for acute gout |
| Interleukin-1 inhibitors for chronic gout |
| Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist for treating periodontitis |
| Interleukin-11 for induction of remission in Crohn's disease |
| Interleukin-2 as an adjunct to antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive adults |
| Intermediate acting versus long acting insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and catheter designs for managing long-term bladder conditions |
| Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia |
