Low salt intake in pregnancy is unlikely to prevent pre-eclampsia.
Pre-eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy associated with poor health, or even death, for the mother and baby. Pre-eclampsia is identified by raised blood pressure and protein in the urine during the second half of pregnancy. In the past, a low-salt diet was often recommended, in the belief that it would help to prevent pre-eclampsia. However, the review found just two trials that did not show any evidence of benefit for the mother or baby. Salt intake in pregnancy should be a matter of personal preference.
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Wprowadzenie
In the past, women have been advised that lowering their salt intake might reduce their risk of developing pre-eclampsia. Although this practice has largely ceased, it remains important to assess the evidence about possible effects of altered dietary salt intake during pregnancy.
Cele
The objective of this review was to assess the effects of altered dietary salt during pregnancy on the risk of developing pre-eclampsia and its complications.
Metody wyszukiwania badań
We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (8 April 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2005), and EMBASE (2002 to May 2005). We updated the search of the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register on 1 October 2009 and added the results to the awaiting classification section.
Kryteria doboru badań
Randomised trials evaluating either reduced or increased dietary salt intake during pregnancy.
Zbieranie i analiza danych
Two review authors selected trials for inclusion and extracted data independently. Data were entered on Review Manager software for analysis, and double-checked for accuracy.
Główne wyniki
Two trials were included, with 603 women. Both compared advice to reduce dietary salt intake with advice to continue a normal diet. The confidence intervals were wide and crossed the no-effect line for all the reported outcomes, including pre-eclampsia (relative risk 1.11, 95% confidence interval 0.46 to 2.66). In other words, there was insufficient evidence for reliable conclusions about the effects of advice to reduce dietary salt.
Wnioski autorów
In the absence of evidence that advice to alter salt intake during pregnancy has any beneficial effect for prevention of pre-eclampsia or any other outcome, salt consumption during pregnancy should remain a matter of personal preference.
[Note: The citation in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter the conclusions of the review once assessed.]
