文獻回顧問題
本篇回顧文章評估了在健康成人及心血管疾病的高風險族群中,氣功對於減少心血管事件以及降低心血管疾病之風險因子的效果。
研究背景
心血管疾病是全球性的健康問題。然而,目前認為透過一些可改變的行為,例如增加運動量、多放鬆以減少壓力,可以降低心血管疾病的風險。氣功起源於中國,其包括身體運動、心靈調節和呼吸控制,以恢復氣(一種環繞身體流動的生命能量)。氣功可能可以減輕壓力並增加運動量。
研究特色
證據截止至 2014 年 11 月。我們納入了氣功介入至少持續三個月的試驗。
研究結果和結論
我們搜尋到 11 個已完成的試驗(1,369 名參與者)。這些試驗顯示了試驗參與者、氣功持續時間和追蹤時間的差異。試驗結束後還持續追蹤許多年的兩個試驗顯示,氣功對於全因死亡率 (all-cause mortality)、中風死亡率和中風發生率有好的影響,但這個好處可否歸功於氣功還不確定,因為無法確定在試驗結束後這些參與者是否有繼續練習氣功。氣功對於血壓、血脂的好處也有被觀察到,但這些結果只基於少量小樣本的研究,因此存在很大的偏差風險。因此我們需要更大、更高品質、更長期的試驗來確定氣功是否有益於預防心血管疾病。
Currently, very limited evidence is available on the effectiveness of qigong for the primary prevention of CVD. Most of the trials included in this review are likely to be at high risk of bias, so we have very low confidence in the validity of the results. Publication of the ongoing trial will add to the limited evidence base, but further trials of high methodological quality with sufficient sample size and follow-up are needed to be incorporated in an update of this review before the effectiveness of qigong for CVD prevention can be established.
Two major determinants of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are a sedentary lifestyle and stress. Qigong involves physical exercise, mind regulation and breathing control to restore the flow of Qi (a pivotal life energy). As it is thought to help reduce stress and involves exercise, qigong may be an effective strategy for the primary prevention of CVD.
To determine the effectiveness of qigong for the primary prevention of CVD.
We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (November 2014, Issue 10 of 12); MEDLINE (Ovid) (1946 to 2014 October week 4); EMBASE Classic + EMBASE (Ovid) (1947 to 2014 November 4); Web of Science Core Collection (1970 to 31 October 2014); Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment Database and Health Economics Evaluations Database (November 2014, Issue 4 of 4). We searched several Asian databases (inception to July 2013) and the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) (inception to December 2013), as well as trial registers and reference lists of reviews and articles; we also approached experts in the field and applied no language restrictions in our search.
Randomised controlled trials lasting at least three months involving healthy adults or those at high risk of CVD. Trials examined any type of qigong, and comparison groups provided no intervention or minimal intervention. Outcomes of interest included clinical CVD events and major CVD risk factors. We did not include trials that involved multi-factorial lifestyle interventions or weight loss.
Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion. Two review authors extracted data from included studies and assessed the risk of bias.
We identified 11 completed trials (1369 participants) and one ongoing trial. Trials were heterogeneous in participants recruited, qigong duration and length of follow-up periods. We were unable to ascertain the risk of bias in nine trials published in Chinese, as insufficient methodological details were reported and we were unable to contact the study authors to clarify this.
We performed no meta-analyses, as trials were small and were at significant risk of bias. Clinical events were detailed in subsequent reports of two trials when statistically significant effects of qigong were seen for all-cause mortality, stroke mortality and stroke incidence at 20 to 30 years after completion of the trials. However, these trials were designed to examine outcomes in the short term, and it is not clear whether qigong was practised during extended periods of follow-up; therefore effects cannot be attributed to the intervention. None of the included studies reported other non-fatal CVD events.
Six trials provided data that could be used to examine the effects of qigong on blood pressure. Reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were seen in three and two trials, respectively. Three trials examined the effects of qigong on blood lipids when favourable effects were seen in one trial for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and two trials showed favourable effects on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The only trial considered at low risk of selection and detection bias did not demonstrate statistically significant effects on CVD risk factors with qigong, but this study was small and was underpowered. None of the included studies reported incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), adverse events, quality of life or costs.
翻譯者:羅姿雅【本翻譯計畫由臺北醫學大學考科藍臺灣研究中心 (Cochrane Taiwan)、東亞考科藍聯盟 (EACA) 統籌執行。聯絡 E-mail:cochranetaiwan@tmu.edu.tw】