The course of schizophrenia can be varied with some people experiencing a single episode of psychosis while others suffer repeated episodes. Often people with schizophrenia want to stop treatment with chlorpromazine once symptoms have subsided. This review highlights the risks of stopping chlorpromazine for those with established illness. Halting medication with chlorpromazine increases the risk of relapse over all time periods. Relapses are damaging and can be dangerous.
Lire le résumé complet
Chlorpromazine, one of the first generation of antipsychotic drugs, is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. For most people schizophrenia is a life-long disorder but about a quarter of those who have a first psychotic breakdown do not go on to experience further breakdowns. Most people with schizophrenia are prescribed antipsychotic drugs, although use is often intermittent. The effects of stopping medication are not well researched in the context of systematic reviews.
Objectifs
To quantify the effects of stopping chlorpromazine for people with schizophrenia stable on this drug.
Stratégie de recherche documentaire
We supplemented an electronic search of the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (March 2006 and July 2012) with reference searching of all identified studies.
Critères de sélection
We included all relevant randomised clinical trials.
Recueil et analyse des données
We independently inspected citations and abstracts, ordered papers and re-inspected and quality assessed these. We independently extracted data and resolved disputes during regular meetings. We analysed dichotomous data using fixed effects relative risk (RR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). For continuous data, where possible, we calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD). We excluded the data where more than 40% of people were lost to follow up.
Résultats principaux
We included ten trials involving 1042 people with schizophrenia stable on chlorpromazine. Even in the short term, those who remained on chlorpromazine were less likely to experience a relapse compared to people who stopped taking chlorpromazine (n=376, 3 RCTs, RR 6.76 CI 3.37 to 13.54, NNH NNH 4 CI 2 to 8). Medium term (n=850, 6 RCTs, RR 4.04 CI 2.81 to 5.8, NNH 4 CI 3 to 7) and long term data were similar (n=510, 3 RCTs, RR 1.70 CI 1.44 to 2.01, NNH 4 CI 3 to 6). People allocated to chlorpromazine withdrawal were not significantly more likely to stay in the study compared with those continuing chlorpromazine treatment (n=374, 1 RCT, RR 1.14 CI 0.55 to 2.35). In sensitivity analyses, there was a significant difference in the 'relapse' outcome between trials for those diagnosed according to checklist criteria compared to those with a clinical diagnosis.
Conclusions des auteurs
This review confirms clinical experience and quantifies the risks of stopping chlorpromazine medication for a group of people with schizophrenia who are stable on this drug. With its moderate adverse effects, chlorpromazine is likely to remain one of the most widely prescribed treatments for schizophrenia.
