Digoxin for preventing or treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Soll R, Özek E

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Summary

Digoxin for preventing or treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

There is no evidence that the administration of digoxin helps babies with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Sometimes a newborn baby has lungs that are not expanded properly. This is most common in preterm babies (born before 34 weeks) and is known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Congestive heart failure may lead to fluid accumulation in the lungs, contributing to RDS. The drug digoxin has been used for congestive heart failure and has been suggested for RDS. The review found no evidence from trials that digoxin reduces congestive heart failure, prevents RDS or improves the outcome of preterm babies with RDS.

This is a Cochrane review abstract and plain language summary, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration, currently published in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010 Issue 1, Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.. The full text of the review is available in The Cochrane Library (ISSN 1464-780X).
This record should be cited as: Soll R, Özek E. Digoxin for preventing or treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1998, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001080. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001080.

This version first published online: April 27. 1998
Last assessed as up-to-date: January 07. 2009

Abstract

Background

Lendrum 1955 suggested that pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure may contribute to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Based on this hypothesis, investigators began to use digitalis glycosides to improve myocardial contractility and decrease congestive heart failure. The first use of digitalis glycosides in infants with RDS was reported by Stahlman 1959. Stahlman reported a reduction in mortality in an uncontrolled trial of digitalis in infants with RDS.

Objectives

To assess the effect of digoxin on mortality in premature infants at risk for or with RDS.

Search strategy

Searches were made of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Medline (MeSH terms: digoxin; limits: age groups, newborn infants; publication type, clinical trial), previous reviews including cross references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, expert informants, and journal handsearching in the English language.

When updated in December 2008, the search was expanded to include Medline, CINHAL, and Embase (MeSH terms and text words: digoxin or digitalis; limits: age group, all infants; publication type: clinical trial).

Selection criteria

Randomized and quazi-randomized controlled trials of digoxin in either the prevention or treatment of RDS are included in this overview.

Data collection and analysis

Data regarding clinical outcomes were excerpted from the trial reports by one review author (RS) and checked by the second review author (EO). Data were analyzed according to the standards of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group.

Main results

Two randomized controlled trials have studied the effects of digoxin in the prevention and treatment of RDS. No improvement in respiratory status or mortality was noted. Meta-analysis of the effect of digoxin given to infants at risk of or with RDS on mortality does not suggest any benefit of digoxin treatment (typical relative risk 1.27 95% CI 0.78, 2.07; typical risk difference 0.06, 95% CI -0.06, 0.17).

Authors' conclusions

Although hemodynamic disturbances play a role in the overall pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome, the specific contribution of early congestive heart failure (unrelated to hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus) does not appear to be a significant factor in RDS. Treatment with digoxin has no proven value in infants solely affected with RDS.

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