Cochrane

Craniopharyngiomas are rare, slow-growing, benign tumours in the hypothalamic-pituitary region of the brain. Although they are benign, i.e. the tumour lacks the ability to invade neighbouring tissue or metastasise (spread to other sites), there is considerable morbidity and disability even when the tumour can be resected completely. Cystic craniopharyngiomas ...

Urinary dipsticks are sometimes used for screening healthy people and patients that do not have symptoms of urinary disease. Urinary dipsticks can be used to test for several different substances, such as blood, sugar, protein, white blood cells and nitrite in the urine, which may indicate the presence of disease. Identified abnormalities sometimes ...

It is estimated that as many at 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity, and that inactivity is a key risk factor in the development of most chronic diseases and cancers. This is alarming particularly because it is known that physical activity patterns track from childhood into adulthood. There is some evidence to suggest ...

After the removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) thyroid hormones have to be substituted to attain a normal way of life. Thyroid hormone withdrawal for four to six weeks has been used for more than 50 years for the treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer after thyroidectomy because residual cancer cells may then be better destroyed ...

There is currently no reliable evidence from randomized controlled trials demonstrating that the benefits of angiogenesis-inhibitors outweigh their risks in treating advanced thyroid cancer. Angiogenesis (that is blood supply of tumors and new blood vessel formation in tumors) plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Currently, four randomized ...

Liver metastases (liver spread) from gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours (cancer of intestinal hormone cells which originate from the embryonic nerve cells or the embryonic outer coat) are generally treated with surgery if a complete removal is deemed possible. This is associated with a long-term survival. However, more than four-fifths of patients ...

The main method for the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinomas (a cancer of the thyroid gland) is total or near-total thyroidectomy (surgical removal of the thyroid) followed by radioactive iodine therapy (iodine-131) and treatment with thyroid hormones (mainly thyroxin). The metastatic disease of this thyroid carcinoma or spread of the tumour ...