Cochrane

Bottom line We found that breastfeeding before and during vaccination injections helped to reduce pain in most babies up to the age of one year. Background Needles are used for babies' early childhood vaccinations and medical care during childhood illnesses. These are essential, but painful. They cause distress for the babies and often their parents/caregivers, ...

Review question Is intravenous, (directly into a vein), lidocaine injection effective in reducing the pain caused by the injection of propofol, given to induce anaesthesia in adults undergoing general anaesthesia? Background Propofol is an anaesthetic drug (an induction agent) which is given to induce and maintain anaesthesia in adults undergoing ...

Review question We reviewed the evidence about the effect of giving antifungal medications before a definitive diagnosis of fungal infections on mortality from all causes and development of severe infections due to fungi (invasive fungal infections) in adults and children who are critically ill but non-neutropenic, i.e. with a normal number of neutrophils ...

This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 10, 2011: Sweet tasting solutions for reduction of needle-related procedural pain in children aged one to 16 years. We re-ran the search in October 2014. Review question: Do sweet tasting solutions reduce pain during needles in children aged from one to 16 years, compared ...

During surgical operations, patients may become cold as the result of a combination of factors including the action of anaesthetic drugs, the presence of uncovered skin and the administration of cold fluids into the veins or to parts of the body where surgery is taking place to wash them. Becoming cold during surgery can be unpleasant and can cause ...

Review question: We reviewed the evidence about the effect of weaning protocols (guidelines) used by clinicians on reducing the time that critically ill patients spent on a breathing machine. Background: Helping patients to breathe with the use of a mechanical ventilator can be life saving. Yet the longer someone stays on a ventilator, the greater the ...

Research question We reviewed studies on the effects of aquatic exercise training for people with fibromyalgia on wellness, symptoms, fitness, and adverse effects. Background: what is fibromyalgia and what is aquatic training? People with fibromyalgia have persistent, widespread body pain and often experience symptoms such as fatigue, stiffness, ...

Any type of surgery is associated with an increased stress response, which can make the body vulnerable to untoward outcomes. These outcomes may range from death to a heart attack and rhythm disturbances to heart failure, stroke and the like. Beta-blockers are drugs that attenuate this stress response, which results in slowing down of heart rate and ...

Acute pain is often felt soon after injury. Most people who have surgery have moderate or severe pain afterwards. People with pain are used to test painkillers. They have often had wisdom teeth removed. The pain is often treated with pain killers taken by mouth. Results can be applied to other forms of acute pain. A series of reviews looks at how good ...

Various devices are available that can electrically stimulate the brain without the need for surgery or any invasive treatment in order to manage chronic pain. There are four main treatment types: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in which the brain is stimulated by a coil applied to the scalp, cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) ...