Cochrane

What is the issue? Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI, cyclosporin and tacrolimus) are an important part of treatment to suppress the immune system to prevent rejection of transplanted kidneys. However, CNI can cause high blood pressure and kidney scarring which contribute to worsening of risk factors for heart attack, stroke, and loss of the transplanted ...

What is the issue? Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage kidney disease. Strategies to increase donor organ availability and to prolong the transplanted kidney's survival have become priorities in kidney transplantation. About 10% to 35% of all kidney transplant recipients will experience one episode of ...

Protocol: To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at assisting employment for people on dialysis, or their family caregivers.

Background Cirrhosis is a chronic disorder of the liver where scar tissue replaces the normal liver. People with cirrhosis can develop a kidney disease known as hepatorenal syndrome. The disease may develop when the blood flow to the kidneys becomes insufficient. Increasing the blood flow to the kidneys may therefore benefit people with hepatorenal ...

What is the issue? In many parts of the world, diabetes is the most common reason that people experience kidney failure and need treatment with a kidney transplant or dialysis. Disability (blindness, limb loss, kidney failure) due to diabetes is caused by high blood glucose (sugar) levels. An important question is whether extra treatment to control ...

Review question Kidney cancer is rarely curable once it has spread to other organs at the time of diagnosis. Targeted agents are currently considered as the standard treatment for advanced kidney cancer that has spread to other organs. This review examines clinical studies that have directly compared immunotherapies or combination therapies to current ...

Review question We assessed the effect of cocoa products on blood pressure in adults when consumed daily for at least two weeks. We found 35 studies, covering 40 treatment comparisons. Background Dark chocolate and cocoa products are rich in chemical compounds called flavanols. Flavanols have attracted interest as they might help to reduce blood ...

What is the issue? People who have kidney disease can experience a lower life expectancy, complications including heart disease, and may need treatment for severe kidney failure, such as dialysis. Patients and doctors wish to identify treatments that protect people against kidney failure or heart disease. For both doctors and people who have kidney ...

Background Uric acid is the natural end product produced by the breakdown of the body's tissues and a person's food, most notably protein. Uric acid is usually removed from the blood by the kidneys and eliminated from the body in the urine. However, if too much uric acid is produced or the kidneys are not able to remove it from the blood as usual, ...

Protocol: This review aims to look at the benefits and harms of interventions for improving sleep quality among adults and children with CKD.