Cochrane

Bottom line Diclofenac Emulgel, ketoprofen gel, piroxicam gel, and diclofenac plaster work reasonably well for strains and sprains. For hand and knee osteoarthritis, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) topical diclofenac and topical ketoprofen rubbed on the skin for at least 6 to 12 weeks help reduce pain by at least half in a modest ...

Review question We studied the benefits and harms of biologics or tofacitinib on people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have not previously been treated with methotrexate (MTX), in trials done until June 2015. Data was available for four TNF biologics (adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab) and two non-TNF biologics (abatacept, rituximab). What ...

Review question We studied the effects of biologics on people with rheumtoid arthritis (RA), whose previous treatment with biologic therapy was unsuccessful, either due to lack of benefits or occurrence of side effects, or both. There were a total of 12 studies (up to June 2015) with data available for four of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-biologics ...

In people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the immune system, which normally fights infection, attacks the joint lining making joints inflamed, swollen, stiff and painful. We looked for trials of biologics (large molecules administered by injection) or tofacitinib (small molecules given by mouth) in people with RA. The review shows that in people with ...

What is rheumatoid arthritis and what are biologics? When people have rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their immune system, which normally fights infection, attacks the joint lining. This makes their joints swollen, stiff and painful. If the inflammation goes on without treatment, joint damage and disability may result. Biologics and tofacitinib are medications ...

Acute pain is often felt soon after injury. Most people who have surgery have moderate or severe pain afterwards. Painkillers (analgesics) are tested in people with pain, often following the removal of wisdom teeth. In all these studies the participants have to have at least moderate pain in order for there to be a sensitive measure of pain-relieving ...

Background As many as one in six couples encounter problems with fertility, defined as failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after regular intercourse for 12 months. Increasingly, couples are turning to assisted reproductive technology (ART) for help with conceiving and ultimately giving birth to a healthy live baby of their own. Fertility treatments ...

Background Diabetes mellitus (generally known as 'diabetes'), when untreated, causes a rise in the sugar (glucose) levels in the blood. It is a serious health issue that affects millions of people around the world (e.g., almost two million people in the UK and 24 million people in the USA). Foot ulcers are a common problem for people with diabetes; ...

Protocol: To assess the benefits and harms of TKA compared to other surgical therapies and medical therapies and comparison of various surgical approaches, techniques, and implants for TKA in patients with knee osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases.

Background Abdominal adhesions are web like structures that commonly form following abdominal or pelvic surgery. They are a result of damage to the lining of the abdomen and can cause multiple conditions such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Many types of solid, liquid, gel and pharmacological agents have been developed which, when applied ...