Cochrane

Protocol: To evaluate the immunogenicity, clinical efficacy, and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines in females. The assessment of clinical efficacy will address protection against HPV infection (for homologous and heterologous HPV types), against re-infection, against cervical cancer and its precursors (high-grade CIN (grade 2 or grade 3), ...

Review question We performed this review to assess the evidence from randomised trials on how effective and safe intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is for people with CIDP. Background Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an illness in which nerves become inflamed and this leads to paralysis. The likely cause is that ...

Review question Do treatments that act on the immune system have effects on idiopathic lumbosacral plexopathy (ILSP)? Background ILSP is an uncommon disorder of the peripheral nerves and lumbosacral plexus that causes asymmetrical pain and weakness of the lower limbs. The lumbosacral plexus is a network of nerves near the base of the spine. This ...

Review question Our aim in this review was to find out how well mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) works and how safe it is to use in people with neuromuscular disorders (diseases of the peripheral nerves or muscles) who have breathing problems. Background People with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) sometimes have weak breathing muscles. ...

Individuals with coronary heart disease often suffer from severe distress, putting them at greater risk for complications, including sudden cardiac death. It is therefore important that the care of people with coronary heart disease focuses on psychological as well as physiological needs. Music interventions have been used for many years to reduce anxiety ...

This Cochrane systematic review determines the effects of passive movements for contractures. Passive movements are regularly administered for the treatment and prevention of contractures. They are typically administered manually by physiotherapists or care givers. The primary aim of passive movements is to improve joint mobility. The results of this ...

Plasma transfusions are a frequently used treatment for critically ill patients, and they are usually prescribed to correct abnormal coagulation tests and to prevent or stop bleeding. Although plasma transfusions are frequently prescribed for critically ill patients, some of the reasons for their use are not supported by evidence from medical research. ...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in patients with no or very little alcohol consumption is characterised by hepatic histological changes similar to those associated with alcohol-induced liver injury. A range of histological changes can be seen. Some patients have fat accumulation in hepatocytes without ...

Acute chest infections (lower respiratory tract infections) such as pneumonia, bronchitis and bronchiolitis are a major cause of deaths worldwide and expected to be amongst the leading four causes of death by 2030. The most affected population groups are children under 59 months and adults over 50 years of age. Patients with chest infections often have ...

Approximately one in six men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime, and the number of men living with, or after, the diagnosis will continue to rise. Some of them will experience problems such as difficulty in passing urine, pain and sexual dysfunction, and these may cause distress, anxiety, uncertainty or depression. Their quality ...