Cochrane

Incomplete abortions cause many complications and the deaths of tens of thousands of women each year. Women who seek health care after an incomplete abortion usually come for problems from bleeding too much or infection. Antibiotics are generally given when there are signs of infection. The review of trials showed difficulties for women in continuing ...

Viral hepatitis causes significant morbidity and mortality. Based on this Cochrane systematic review, bile acids may decrease serum transaminase activities in patients with acute hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis B, or chronic hepatitis C. However, bile acids have no effects in eradicating viral markers. There is insufficient evidence either to support ...

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the sudden death of tubular cells in the kidney. ATN can happen after a kidney transplant if the kidney does not receive enough oxygen. Calcium channel blockers stop calcium ions flowing into the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. These blockers cause the muscles to widen and relax, lowering a person's blood ...

Study design: Meta-analysis of seven randomised controlled trials involving 1943 patients.Contribution: Patients treated with R-chemo had better overall survival, overall response, complete response, and disease control but more leukocytopenia and fever than patients treated with chemotherapy alone. R-chemo improved overall survival in patients with ...

Surgical removal of the gallbladder is done routinely. Stones in the common bile duct usually come from the gallbladder and can be harmful. The usual treatment for gallstones that are in the common bile duct is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and sphincterotomy. ERCP is an endoscopic procedure to remove stones from the common bile ...

The comparison of open and closed suction systems shows them to have similar results in terms of safety and effectiveness. Tracheal secretions in mechanically ventilated patients are removed using a catheter via the endotracheal tube. The suction catheter can be introduced by disconnecting the patient from the ventilator (open suction system) or by ...

T-shaped IUDs with copper on the arms are the most effective, have the longest duration of action and are the IUDs of choice.

Danazol reduces the painful symptoms of endometriosis but has androgenic effects. Endometriosis is a painful condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. It can cause cysts and infertility. Danazol is a hormone that produces male characteristics as well as weight gain and acne. It does, however, relieve the painful symptoms of endometriosis, ...

Controlled cord traction to deliver the placenta should remain as part of the active management of third stage of labour. The third stage of labour is the period from the birth of the baby until delivery of the placenta. There are two basic interventions to help to deliver the placenta as part of the active management of the third stage of labour: fundal ...

Assuming the hands and knees posture in late pregnancy does not improve pregnancy outcomes but use in labour is beneficial. The best position for babies during birth is head down, with the back of their head facing forward. When babies lie with the back of their head towards the mothers' side (lateral) or towards the mothers' back (posterior), the labour ...