Cochrane Reviews - by sub-topics 'Neonatal'

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Neonatal Group (327)

IMMEDIATE CARE OF THE NEWBORN (7)

Drugs used in resuscitation (7)

Base administration or fluid bolus for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with metabolic acidosis

Dopamine for prevention of morbidity and mortality in term newborn infants with suspected perinatal asphyxia

Epinephrine for the resuscitation of apparently stillborn or extremely bradycardic newborn infants

Naloxone for opiate-exposed newborn infants

Naloxone for preventing morbidity and mortality in newborn infants of greater than 34 weeks' gestation with suspected perinatal asphyxia

Sodium bicarbonate infusion during resuscitation of infants at birth

The effects of thyroxine on end organ damage in asphyxiated neonates (protocol stage)

METHOD, TECHNIQUE OF RESUSCITATION OF THE NEWBORN INFANT (6)

Air versus oxygen for resuscitation of infants at birth

Endotracheal intubation versus face mask for newborns resuscitated with positive pressure ventilation at birth (protocol stage)

Laryngeal mask airway versus bag-mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation

Manual ventilation devices for neonatal resuscitation (protocol stage)

Positive end-expiratory pressure for resuscitation of newborn infants at birth

Sustained inflations for neonatal resuscitation (protocol stage)

MANAGEMENT OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENT (8)

Thermal protection of neonates (7)

Cot-nursing versus incubator care for preterm infants

Double wall versus single wall incubator for reducing heat loss in very low birth weight infants in incubators

Higher versus lower humidity for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants in incubators (protocol stage)

Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants

Radiant warmers versus incubators for regulating body temperature in newborn infants

Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants

Transfer of preterm infants from incubator to open cot at lower versus higher body weight

Hypothermia (1)

Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birthweight infants

FLUID THERAPY (4)

Water intake (1)

Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Transfusion of blood or colloid (3)

Albumin infusion for low serum albumin in preterm newborn infants

Early volume expansion for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants

Early volume expansion versus inotrope for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants

FEEDING THE TERM INFANT (12)

Soy-based formula (3)

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants

Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates

Prevention of atopy (4)

Formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants

Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity

Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity

Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants

Protein and amino acids (5)

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease

High versus standard protein content of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants

Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants

PARENTERAL FEEDING (9)

Alterations in parenteral nutrition (2)

Alterations in parenteral nutrition management for the treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in term and preterm infants (protocol stage)

Medical therapies for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in term and preterm infants (protocol stage)

Nitrogen requirement (2)

Carnitine supplementation of parenterally fed neonates

Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Minimal enteral feeding (1)

Early trophic feeding for very low birth weight infants

Amino acids (3)

Cysteine, cystine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates

Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants

High versus low amino acid intake at the commencement of parenteral nutrition to improve growth in neonates receiving intensive care (protocol stage)

Fatty Acids (1)

Early introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants

VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION (3)

Vitamins (3)

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in developing countries (protocol stage)

Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants six months of age or less (protocol stage)

Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

FEEDING THE LBW INFANT (33)

Energy (1)

High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants

Fortification of human milk (7)

Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants

Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants

Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Iron supplementation in enterally fed preterm infants (protocol stage)

Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants

Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Techniques of feeding (17)

Ad libitum or demand/semi-demand feeding versus scheduled interval feeding for preterm infants (in hospital/ in neonatal units)

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants

Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Early discharge with home support of gavage feeding for stable preterm infants who have not established full oral feeds

Erythromycin for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants

Feed thickener for newborn infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux

Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation (protocol stage)

Multiple versus single lumen umbilical venous catheters for newborn infants

Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants

Non-nutritive sucking for promoting physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants

Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of premature and low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants

Comparison of whole diets (8)

Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Dilute versus full strength formula in preterm or very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Formula milk versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Formula milk versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Multicomponent fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard term formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Preterm formula milk versus term formula milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION (9)

Policies of oxygen administration (5)

Early versus late discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants

Gradual versus abrupt discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants

High flow nasal cannula for respiratory support in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Methods for securing endotracheal tubes in newborn infants (protocol stage)

Restricted versus liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants

Monitoring of oxygenation (3)

Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of catheter design (end vs. side hole)

Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of catheter materials

Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of position of the catheter tip

Co-interventions (1)

Rapid correction of early metabolic acidaemia in comparison with placebo, no intervention or slow correction in LBW infants

MECHANICAL VENTILATION (36)

Continuous distending airway pressure (10)

Continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress in preterm infants

Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants

Deep versus shallow suction of endotracheal tubes in ventilated neonates and young infants

Devices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates

Early versus delayed initiation of continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure immediately after extubation for preventing morbidity in preterm infants

Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants

Strategies used for the withdrawal of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants

Volume-targeted versus pressure-limited ventilation in the neonate

Intermittent positive or negative pressure ventilation (13)

Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation

Long versus short inspiratory times in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilation for newborn infants with respiratory failure due to pulmonary disease

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for apnea of prematurity

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants

Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation

Permissive hypercapnia for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants

Premedication for endotracheal intubation in neonates (protocol stage)

Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants

Prophylactic nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm infants (protocol stage)

Tracheal gas insufflation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants

Tracheal suctioning without disconnection in intubated ventilated neonates

Extubation after IPPV (7)

Chest physiotherapy for preventing morbidity in babies being extubated from mechanical ventilation

Chest physiotherapy for reducing respiratory morbidity in infants requiring ventilatory support

Extubation from low-rate intermittent positive airway pressure versus extubation after a trial of endotracheal continuous positive airway pressure in intubated preterm infants

Intravenous dexamethasone for extubation of newborn infants

Nebulized racemic epinephrine for extubation of newborn infants

Prophylactic doxapram for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants undergoing endotracheal extubation

Prophylactic methylxanthines for extubation in preterm infants

High frequency ventilation (6)

Elective high frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants

High frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction born at or near term

Positive end-expiratory pressure for infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for hyaline membrane disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (protocol stage)

Rescue high frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants

Rescue high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants

EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION (1)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure in newborn infants

NITRIC OXIDE (2)

Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants

Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term

PAIN CONTROL (9)

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

Lidocaine-prilocaine cream for analgesia during circumcision in newborn boys

Local anaesthetic eye drops for prevention of pain in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity (protocol stage)

Opioids for neonates receiving mechanical ventilation

Pain relief for neonatal circumcision

Propofol for procedural sedation/anesthesia in neonates (protocol stage)

Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures

Venepuncture versus heel lance for blood sampling in term neonates

SUPPORTING PARENTS AND PROMOTING ATTACHMENT (1)

Increased mother-infant contact in immediate post-natal period (0)

Centre-based and home-based parental support (1)

Home-based post-discharge parental support to prevent morbidity in preterm infants (protocol stage)

BIRTH ASPHYXIA IN THE TERM INFANT (7)

Interventions to reduce the severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (7)

Acupuncture for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates (protocol stage)

Allopurinol for preventing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants with suspected hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy

Anticonvulsants for neonates with seizures

Anticonvulsants for preventing mortality and morbidity in full term newborns with perinatal asphyxia

Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

Fluid restriction for term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia

Magnesium sulfate for term infants following perinatal asphyxia (protocol stage)

PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (11)

Prophylaxis of PDA (2)

Fluid restriction and prophylactic indomethacin versus prophylactic indomethacin alone for prevention of morbidity and mortality in extremely low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Prophylactic intravenous indometacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants

Management of asymptomatic PDA (4)

Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Indomethacin for asymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

Prolonged versus short course of indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

Management of symptomatic PDA (5)

Continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus doses of indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus closure in symptomatic preterm infants

Fluid restriction for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Furosemide for prevention of morbidity in indomethacin-treated infants with patent ductus arteriosus

Prophylactic surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus for prevention of mortality and morbidity in extremely low birth weight infants

Surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (20)

Diuretics (1)

Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Heliox (1)

Heliox for prevention of morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants (protocol stage)

Other (1)

Postnatal thyroid hormones for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Surfactant (14)

Animal derived surfactant extract for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome

Animal derived surfactant extract versus synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome

Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs. selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for respiratory distress syndrome

Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

High versus low thresholds for repeat administration of surfactant in intubated preterm neonates (protocol stage)

Multiple versus single doses of exogenous surfactant for the prevention or treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Prophylactic animal derived surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Prophylactic synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Protein containing synthetic surfactant versus animal derived surfactant extract for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome

Protein-containing synthetic surfactant versus protein-free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in term and late preterm infants

Surfactant for pulmonary hemorrhage in neonates

Synthetic surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Digoxin (1)

Digoxin for preventing or treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol (1)

Inositol for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Antithrombin (1)

Antithrombin for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

OTHER ACUTE LUNG DISORDERS (8)

Suctioning of infants who have passed meconium in utero (1)

Endotracheal intubation at birth for preventing morbidity and mortality in vigorous, meconium-stained infants born at term

Transient tachypnea (1)

Furosemide for transient tachypnea of the newborn

Meconium aspiration syndrome (3)

Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (protocol stage)

Steroid therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants

Therapeutic lung lavage for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants (protocol stage)

Pulmonary hypertension (3)

Magnesium sulfate for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Milrinone for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (protocol stage)

Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates

RECURRENT APNEA (11)

Kinesthetic stimulation (3)

Kinesthetic stimulation for preventing apnea in preterm infants

Kinesthetic stimulation for treating apnea in preterm infants

Kinesthetic stimulation versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants

Methylxanthines (6)

Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants

Doxapram treatment for apnea in preterm infants

Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants

Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants

Prophylactic caffeine to prevent postoperative apnea following general anesthesia in preterm infants

Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnea in preterm infants

Carnitine (1)

Carnitine supplementation for preterm infants with recurrent apnea

Body position (1)

Body position for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (protocol stage)

BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (18)

Anti-oxidants (1)

Superoxide dismutase for preventing chronic lung disease in mechanically ventilated preterm infants

Vitamin A (1)

Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infants

Thyroxine (1)

Thyroid hormones for preventing neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants

Diuretics (3)

Aerosolized diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease

Diuretics acting on the distal renal tubule for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease

Intravenous or enteral loop diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease

Bronchodilators (1)

Bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Corticosteroids (7)

Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Early (< 8 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants

Late (>7 days) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Moderately early (7-14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Erythromycin (1)

Erythromycin for the prevention of chronic lung disease in intubated preterm infants at risk for, or colonized or infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum

Other treatments (2)

Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (a1PI) for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm babies with chronic lung disease (protocol stage)

Feeding in BPD (1)

Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease

NEONATAL BLOOD DISORDERS (11)

Diuretics (1)

Loop diuretics during blood transfusion for anaemia in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Hemostatic disorders (3)

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of hemorrhagic disease in healthy term neonates

Thrombolytic agents for arterial and venous thromboses in neonates

Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of heparin

Techniques for reducing blood donor exposure (0)

Erythrocyte transfusion (4)

Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters

Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates

Low versus high hemoglobin concentration threshold for blood transfusion for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Partial exchange transfusion to prevent neurodevelopmental disability in infants with polycythemia (protocol stage)

Erythropoietin (3)

Early erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

NEONATAL INFECTIONS (43)

Bacterial pneumonia (1)

Surfactant for bacterial pneumonia in term and late preterm infants (protocol stage)

Prevention of nosocomial sepsis (18)

Antibiotic regimens for suspected early neonatal sepsis

Antibiotic regimens for suspected late onset sepsis in newborn infants

Chlorhexidine skin care for the prevention of infection in term neonates (protocol stage)

Community based management of neonatal sepsis in developing countries (protocol stage)

Methods of securing peripheral vascular catheters to reduce morbidity in neonates (protocol stage)

One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates

Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants (protocol stage)

Oral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates

Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters

Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical venous catheters

Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants with intercostal catheters (protocol stage)

Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants

Prophylactic systemic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with central venous catheters

Recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis in neonates

Topical emollient therapy for preventing infection in preterm infants in low- or middle-income countries (protocol stage)

Topical ointment for preventing infection in preterm infants

Vancomycin for prophylaxis against sepsis in preterm neonates

Necrotizing enterocolitis (4)

Antibiotic regimens for the empirical treatment of newborn infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (protocol stage)

Enteral antibiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in low birthweight or preterm infants

Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates

Peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy as initial surgical treatment for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Immunoglobulins (5)

Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulins to prevent staphylococcal infection in very low birth weight infants

Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or subsequently proven infection in neonates

Oral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants

Oral immunoglobulin for the treatment of rotavirus diarrhoea in low birth weight infants

Granulocyte transfusions (2)

G-CSF and GM-CSF for treating or preventing neonatal infections

Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropaenia

Fungal infections (5)

Antifungal agents for the treatment of mucocutaneous candidiasis in neonates and children (protocol stage)

Patient isolation measures for infants with candida colonization or infection for preventing or reducing transmission of candida in neonatal units

Prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants

Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants

Systemic antifungal drugs for invasive fungal infection in preterm infants

Gowning (1)

Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality

Group B strepcococcal infection (2)

Intramuscular penicillin for the prevention of early onset group B streptococcal infection in newborn infants

Prophylactic versus selective antibiotics for term newborn infants of mothers with risk factors for neonatal infection

Tetanus (1)

Diazepam for treating tetanus

Antiviral therapy (2)

Antiviral agents for treatment of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates

Antiviral therapy for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and infants up to 3 months of age (protocol stage)

Probiotics (1)

Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Bacterial meningitis (1)

Intraventricular antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in neonates

NEONATAL JAUNDICE (10)

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Exchange transfusion for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)

Fibreoptic phototherapy for neonatal jaundice

High vs low dose conventional phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)

Immunoglobulin infusion for isoimmune haemolytic jaundice in neonates

Intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)

Light-emitting diode phototherapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates (protocol stage)

Metalloporphyrins for treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates

Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Single versus double volume exchange transfusion in jaundiced newborn infants

RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (5)

Antioxidants (1)

D-Penicillamine for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants

Light (1)

Early light reduction for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants

Surgical therapy (2)

Laser photocoagulation versus transscleral cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (protocol stage)

Peripheral retinal ablation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants

Medical therapy (1)

Supplemental oxygen for the treatment of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity

HYPERGLYCEMIA AND HYPOGLYCEMIA (2)

Interventions for prevention of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants

Interventions for treatment of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants

PERIVENTRICULAR-INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE (IVH) (6)

Treatment PIVH (4)

Diuretic therapy for newborn infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation

Intraventricular streptokinase after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage

Subcutaneous reservoir drainage versus ventriculoperitoneal shunt for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Prevention of PIVH (2)

Ethamsylate for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm or very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants

INTERVENTIONS FOR HYPOTENSION IN NEONATES (3)

Corticosteroids for treating hypotension in preterm infants

Dopamine versus dobutamine for hypotensive preterm infants

The effect of inotropes on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with low systemic or organ blood flow

MISCELLANEOUS (28)

Adrenaline for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with cardiovascular compromise

Audio recordings of consultations with doctors for parents of critically sick babies

Clinical decision support systems for neonatal care

Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm/low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Dopamine versus no treatment to prevent renal dysfunction in indomethacin-treated preterm newborn infants

Interventions for non-oliguric hyperkalaemia in preterm neonates

Intravenous in-line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates

Late versus early surgical correction for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborn infants

Massage for promoting growth and development of preterm and/or low birth-weight infants

Milrinone for the treatment of cardiac dysfunction in neonates (protocol stage)

Octreotide for the treatment of chylothorax in neonates (protocol stage)

Opiate treatment for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants

Physical activity programs for promoting bone mineralization and growth in preterm infants

Postnatal thyroid hormones for preterm infants with transient hypothyroxinaemia

Pre-discharge "car seat challenge" for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Prophylactic postnatal thyroid hormones for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy

Replacement of estrogens and progestins to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Routine screening by echocardiography to reduce morbidity and mortality from congenital heart disease in neonates with Down syndrome (protocol stage)

Screening programmes for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborn infants (protocol stage)

Sedatives for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants

Specialty teams for neonatal transport to neonatal intensive care units for prevention of morbidity and mortality (protocol stage)

Supine versus non-supine sleep position in hospital for preventing morbidity and mortality in spontaneously breathing preterm infants (protocol stage)

Surfactant for newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (protocol stage)

Telemedicine for the support of parents of high risk newborn infants (protocol stage)

The effect of community health educational interventions on newborn survival in developing countries (protocol stage)

Thyroid hormone supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery

Ward reduction without general anaesthesia versus reduction and repair under general anaesthesia for gastroschisis in newborn infants

DEVELOPMENTAL CARE (3)

Developmental care for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants

Early developmental intervention programs post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairments in preterm infants

Early versus later discharge of physiologically stable preterm infants who are fully orally feeding (protocol stage)

DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY (1)

Clinical assessment for diagnosing congenital heart disease in newborn infants with Down syndrome (protocol stage)

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