Cochrane Reviews - by sub-topics 'Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma'

Other agents in fracture prevention: calcium, calcitonin, fluoride, diphosphonates etc (see Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group: Osteoporosis Sub-group) (0)

Exercise interventions (2)

Exercise for improving balance in older people

Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults

Secondary prevention (for adverse effects of injury or treatment) (6)

Antibiotics (3)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures

Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures

Antibiotics for treating chronic osteomyelitis in adults

Wound drapes (0)

Surgical drains (1)

Closed suction surgical wound drainage after orthopaedic surgery

Thromboembolic prophylaxis (heparins, antiplatelet agents, dextran, oral anticoagulants, mechanical methods). See under Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group (1)

Heparin, low molecular weight heparin and physical methods for preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following surgery for hip fractures

Nutritional supplements (0)

Routine intramuscular pressure monitoring (post-traumatic compartment syndrome) (0)

Blood transfusion policies (0)

Peripheral nerve injuries (0)

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (1)

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for promoting fracture healing and treating fracture non-union

Electomagnetic field stimulation (0)

Treatment (41)

Treatments to reduce post-fracture swelling and pain (0)

Pre-operative traction (1)

Pre-operative traction for fractures of the proximal femur in adults

Anaesthesia (3)

Regional (spinal, epidural) versus general anaesthesia (2)

Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults

Anaesthesia for treating distal radial fracture in adults

Use of nerve blocks (1)

Nerve blocks (subcostal, lateral cutaneous, femoral, triple, psoas) for hip fractures

Timing of fracture treatment (0)

Surgical treatment (27)

Arthroplasties (with and without bone cement) for proximal femoral fractures in adults

Bioresorbable fixation devices for musculoskeletal injuries in adults (withdrawn)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) for fracture healing in adults (protocol stage)

Condylocephalic nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures

Extramedullary fixation implants and external fixators for extracapsular hip fractures in adults

Gamma and other cephalocondylic intramedullary nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures in adults

Internal fixation and comparisons of different fixation methods for treating distal radial fractures in adults (protocol stage)

Internal fixation implants for intracapsular proximal femoral fractures in adults

Internal fixation versus arthroplasty for intracapsular proximal femoral fractures in adults

Internal versus external fixation for treating distal tibial pilon fractures in adults (protocol stage)

Interventions for isolated diaphyseal fractures of the ulna in adults

Interventions for treating acute fractures of the carpal scaphoid bone in adults (protocol stage)

Interventions for treating calcaneal fractures (withdrawn)

Interventions for treating osteochondral defects of the talus in adults (protocol stage)

Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults

Intramedullary nails for extracapsular hip fractures in adults

Osteotomy, compression and other modifications of surgical techniques for internal fixation of extracapsular hip fractures

Percutaneous pinning for treating distal radial fractures in adults

Plating versus intramedullary nailing for humeral shaft fractures in adults (protocol stage)

Replacement arthroplasty versus internal fixation for extracapsular hip fractures in adults

Surgical approaches and ancillary techniques for internal fixation of intracapsular proximal femoral fractures

Surgical approaches for inserting hemiarthroplasty of the hip

Surgical interventions for diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna in children (protocol stage)

Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non-union of the middle third of the clavicle

Surgical interventions for treating distal radial fractures in adults (withdrawn)

Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating fractures of the middle third of the clavicle (protocol stage)

Surgical versus conservative treatment for acute injuries of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle in adults

Conservative treatment (10)

Closed reduction methods for treating distal radial fractures in adults

Conservative interventions for treating distal radial fractures in adults

Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults

Conservative treatment for closed fifth (small finger) metacarpal neck fractures

Conservative versus operative treatment for hip fractures in adults

External fixation versus conservative treatment for distal radial fractures in adults

Interventions for isolated diaphyseal fractures of the ulna in adults

Interventions for treating calcaneal fractures (withdrawn)

Interventions for treating osteochondral defects of the talus in adults (protocol stage)

Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating fractures of the middle third of the clavicle (protocol stage)

Rehabilitation (7)

Anabolic steroids and growth hormones (0)

Interdisciplinary programmes (4)

Co-ordinated multidisciplinary approaches for inpatient rehabilitation of older patients with proximal femoral fractures (withdrawn)

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures

Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults

Rehabilitation interventions for improving physical and psychosocial functioning after hip fracture in older people (protocol stage)

Early supported discharge (0)

Gait retraining (0)

Mobility exercises (2)

Mobilisation strategies after hip fracture surgery in adults

Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults

Nutritional supplementation (1)

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Patient education (0)

Fractures of the vertebral column (2)

Treatment (2)

Operative versus non-operative treatment for thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological deficit

Surgical versus conservative management for odontoid fractures

Stress fracture (2)

Prevention (1)

Interventions for preventing and treating stress fractures and stress reactions of bone of the lower limbs in young adults

Treatment (1)

Interventions for preventing and treating stress fractures and stress reactions of bone of the lower limbs in young adults

Rehabilitation (0)

Sterno-clavicular joint dislocation (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Clavicle fracture (3)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (3)

Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults

Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non-union of the middle third of the clavicle

Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating fractures of the middle third of the clavicle (protocol stage)

Rehabilitation (0)

Acromio-clavicular dislocation (1)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (1)

Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults (protocol stage)

Rehabilitation (0)

Shoulder dislocation (gleno-humeral joint) (3)

Anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint (3)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (3)

Conservative management following closed reduction of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder

Surgical interventions for anterior shoulder instability in adults

Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for acute anterior shoulder dislocation

Rehabilitation (0)

Posterior dislocation of the shoulder joint (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Proximal humerus (shoulder) fracture (1)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (1)

Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults

Rehabilitation (0)

Juxta-epiphyseal fractures of the proximal humerus in children (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of the shaft of the humerus (1)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (1)

Plating versus intramedullary nailing for humeral shaft fractures in adults (protocol stage)

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of the distal humerus (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Dislocation of the elbow (3)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (3)

Early mobilisation for elbow fractures in adults (protocol stage)

Interventions for treating acute elbow dislocations in adults (protocol stage)

Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of the olecranon (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of the radial head (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of the radial and ulnar shafts (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Radial shaft fracture (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Ulnar shaft fracture (1)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (1)

Conservative or surgical management (1)

Interventions for isolated diaphyseal fractures of the ulna in adults

Rehabilitation (0)

Monteggia fracture dislocations in children (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of the distal radius and ulnar metaphysis in children (1)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (1)

Surgical interventions for diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna in children (protocol stage)

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of the distal radius and ulna (11)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (9)

Conservative treatment (plaster, brace, reduction) (3)

Closed reduction methods for treating distal radial fractures in adults

Conservative interventions for treating distal radial fractures in adults

Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children

Conservative versus surgical treatment (1)

External fixation versus conservative treatment for distal radial fractures in adults

Surgical treatment (4)

Bone grafts and bone substitutes for treating distal radial fractures in adults

Internal fixation and comparisons of different fixation methods for treating distal radial fractures in adults (protocol stage)

Percutaneous pinning for treating distal radial fractures in adults

Surgical interventions for treating distal radial fractures in adults (withdrawn)

Anaesthesia (1)

Anaesthesia for treating distal radial fracture in adults

Rehabilitation (2)

Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults

Vitamin C for preventing complex regional pain syndrome (type I) after wrist fractures in adults (protocol stage)

Fractures of the carpal scaphoid (1)

Diagnosis (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (1)

Interventions for treating acute fractures of the carpal scaphoid bone in adults (protocol stage)

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of other carpal bones (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Carpal dislocations (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of the metacarpal bones (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Finger fractures (1)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (1)

Conservative treatment for closed fifth (small finger) metacarpal neck fractures

Rehabilitation (0)

Juxta-epiphyseal fractures of the phalanges in children (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Dislocations of metacarpo-phalangeal and interphalangeal joints (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Extra-articular fractures of the pelvis (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Fractures of the acetabulum (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Dislocations of the hip (0)

Prevention (0)

Treatment (0)

Rehabilitation (0)

Hip fracture: intracapsular and extracapsular hip fracture (15)

Prevention (4)

Fall prevention in the elderly (2)

Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people (withdrawn)

Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community

Education on how to fall (0)

Use of protective devices (1)

Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in older people

Modification of environment (0)

Prophylactic injection of osteoinductive materials (0)

Specific medical therapies including supplementation (1)

Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues in fracture prevention (1)

Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis

Hormone replacement therapy in fracture prevention (see Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group: Osteoporosis Sub-group) (0)

Other agents in fracture prevention: calcium, calcitonin, fluoride, diphosphonates etc (see Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group: Osteoporosis Sub-group) (0)

Secondary prevention (3)

Antibiotics (1)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures

Wound drapes (0)

Surgical drains (1)

Closed suction surgical wound drainage after orthopaedic surgery

Thromboembolic prophylaxis. See also under Peripheral Vascular Diseases (PVD) Group (1)

Heparin, low molecular weight heparin and mechanical methods (stockings, calf and foot pumps): may move to PVD Group (1)

Heparin, low molecular weight heparin and physical methods for preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following surgery for hip fractures

Nutritional supplements (0)

Routine intramuscular pressure monitoring (post-traumatic compartment syndrome) (0)

Blood transfusion policies (0)