Cochrane Reviews - by sub-topics 'Acute Respiratory Infections'

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Acute Respiratory Infections Group (154)

Bronchiolitis (14)

Prevention (2)

Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines (0)

Immunoglobulin (2)

Immunoglobulin for preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection (withdrawn)

Immunoglobulin treatment for respiratory syncytial virus infection

Treatment (12)

Antibiotics (2)

Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children

Macrolides for diffuse panbronchiolitis (protocol stage)

Inhalation therapy (3)

Heliox inhalation therapy for bronchiolitis in infants (protocol stage)

Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants

Steam inhalation or humidified oxygen for acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age (protocol stage)

Other interventions (0)

Ribavirin (1)

Ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children

Bronchodilators (2)

Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis

Epinephrine for bronchiolitis

Immunoglobulin (0)

Steroids (2)

Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children

Inhaled corticosteroids during acute bronchiolitis in the prevention of post-bronchiolitic wheezing

Physiotherapy (1)

Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old

Surfactant therapy (1)

Surfactant therapy for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants

Bronchitis (4)

Acute bronchitis (4)

Prevention (0)

Haemophilus influenzae vaccines (0)

Pneumococcal vaccines (0)

Treatment (3)

Antibiotics (1)

Antibiotics for acute bronchitis

Bronchodilators (1)

Beta2-agonists for acute bronchitis

Chinese medicinal herbs (1)

Chinese medicinal herbs for acute bronchitis

Other interventions (0)

Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (1)

Haemophilus influenzae oral whole cell vaccination for preventing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis (see Airways Group) (0)

Common cold (Coryza) (18)

Prevention (3)

Echinacea (1)

Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold

Garlic (0)

Interferon (0)

Vitamin C (1)

Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold

Antivirals (1)

Antivirals for the common cold (withdrawn)

Vaccines (0)

Immunostimulants (0)

Treatment (15)

NSAIDs (1)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the common cold

Non-antibiotic therapies (6)

Echinacea (1)

Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold

Heated, humidified air (1)

Heated, humidified air for the common cold

Vitamin A (0)

Vitamin C (1)

Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold

Zinc (1)

Zinc for the common cold

Chinese medical herbs (1)

Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold

Garlic for the common cold

Steroids (1)

Corticosteroids for the common cold (protocol stage)

Symptomatic therapy (5)

Cough suppressants (1)

Over-the-counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings

Antipyretics (0)

Antihistamines (2)

Antihistamines for the common cold (withdrawn)

Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold (protocol stage)

Decongestants (1)

Nasal decongestants for the common cold (withdrawn)

Mucolytics (1)

Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease

Specific antimicrobial therapy (2)

Antibiotics (1)

Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis

Interferon (0)

Antivirals (1)

Antivirals for the common cold (withdrawn)

Croup (4)

Prevention (0)

Vaccines (0)

Treatment (4)

Adrenergic agonists (0)

Adrenergic receptor (1)

Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children (protocol stage)

Antibiotics (0)

Antiviral agents (0)

Inhalation therapy (2)

Heated, humidified air for the common cold

Heliox for croup in children (protocol stage)

Steroids (1)

Glucocorticoids for croup

Diphtheria (0)

Prevention (0)

Vaccines (0)

Treatment (0)

Antibiotics (0)

Epiglottitis (1)

Prevention (1)

Conjugate Haemophilus influenzae B vaccine (1)

Acyclovir for treating varicella in otherwise healthy children and adolescents

Treatment (0)

Antibiotics (0)

Tracheostomy (see Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

Influenza (17)

Prevention (12)

Interferon (0)

Amantadine and rimantadine (2)

Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in adults

Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly

Neuraminidase inhibitors (2)

Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults

Neuraminidase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children

Other interventions (1)

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses

Overview of prevention interventions (0)

Vaccines (6)

Conjugate vaccines for preventing Haemophilus influenzae type B infections (withdrawn)

Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who work with the elderly

Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community and in institutions (protocol stage)

Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults

Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children

Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly

Homoeopathic Oscillicoccinum (1)

Homoeopathic Oscillococcinum for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like syndromes

Treatment (5)

Antibiotics (0)

Symptomatic therapy (0)

Amantadine and rimantadine (2)

Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in adults

Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly

Interferon (0)

Other (1)

Homoeopathic Oscillicoccinum (1)

Homoeopathic Oscillococcinum for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like syndromes

Prescribed rest (0)

Neuraminidase inhibitors (1)

Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults

Chinese medicinal herbs (1)

Chinese medicinal herbs for influenza

Laryngitis (1)

Treatment (1)

Antibiotics (1)

Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults

Measles (4)

Prevention (2)

Vaccines (1)

Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children

Vitamin A (1)

Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children (protocol stage)

Treatment (2)

Antibiotics (0)

Antiviral agents (0)

Chinese medicinal herbs (1)

Chinese medicinal herbs for measles

Symptomatic therapy (0)

Vitamin A (1)

Vitamin A for treating measles in children

Meningitis (8)

Prevention (4)

Vaccines (2)

Meningococcal (2)

Serogroup A (1)

Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis

Serogroup B (0)

Serogroup C (1)

Conjugate vaccines for preventing meningococcal C meningitis and septicaemia

Pneumococcal (0)

Haemophilus influenzae (0)

Antibiotics (2)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures

Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections

Treatment (4)

Steroids (1)

Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis

Antibiotics (2)

Pre-admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease

Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (0)

Other treatments (1)

Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis

Otitis media (Middle ear infections) (11)

Acute otitis media without perforation (11)

Prevention (5)

Influenza vaccines (1)

Influenza vaccine for preventing acute otitis media in infants and children (protocol stage)

Pneumococcal vaccines (1)

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing otitis media

Haemophilus influenzae vaccines (0)

Antibiotics (1)

Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children

Other interventions (2)

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age (protocol stage)

Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media (protocol stage)

Treatment (6)

Antibiotics versus placebo (2)

Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children

Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media

Short versus 7-10 day antibiotic course (1)

Short course antibiotics for acute otitis media

Myringotomy (see Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

Symptomatic therapy (2)

Decongestants (1)

Decongestants and antihistamines for acute otitis media in children

Antihistamines (1)

Decongestants and antihistamines for acute otitis media in children

Topical treatments (1)

Topical analgesia for acute otitis media

Recurrent otitis media (0)

Grommets in children (see Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

Long-term antibiotics (0)

Symptomatic therapy (0)

Otitis media with effusion, serous or secretory (see Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

Chronic or suppurative otitis media (see Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

Mastoiditis (see Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

Pertussis (Whooping cough) (3)

Prevention (1)

Vaccines (1)

Acellular (1)

Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children

Whole cell (0)

Treatment (2)

Antibiotics (1)

Antibiotics for whooping cough (pertussis)

Cough suppressants (1)

Symptomatic treatment of the cough in whooping cough

Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis (Sore throat) (5)

Prevention (0)

Surgery (see Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

Antibiotics (0)

Treatment (5)

Antibiotics (3)

Antibiotics for sore throat

Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis (protocol stage)

Short versus standard duration antibiotic therapy for acute streptococcal pharyngitis in children

Antiseptic gargles for pharyngitis (0)

Non-antibiotics (2)

Chinese medicinal herbs for sore throat

Non-antibiotic treatments for sore throat (protocol stage)

Pleural infections (1)

Surgical versus non-surgical management of pleural empyema (withdrawn)

Pneumonia (28)

Other treatments (9)

Amino acid, fat emulsion and energy supplementation for severe pneumonia in the elderly (protocol stage)

Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults (protocol stage)

Corticosteroids for pneumonia (protocol stage)

Fluid therapy for pneumonia (protocol stage)

Nebulised colistin for nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii respiratory tract infection (protocol stage)

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults

Oxygen therapy for pneumonia in adults (protocol stage)

Quantitative versus qualitative cultures of respiratory secretions for clinical outcomes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Zinc supplementation as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in children 2 to 59 months of age (protocol stage)

Prevention (8)

Other (1)

Semi-recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in adults requiring mechanical ventilation (protocol stage)

Pneumococcal vaccines (3)

Conjugate (2)

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease and X-ray defined pneumonia in children less than two years of age

Pneumococcal vaccines for prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae disease in patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (protocol stage)

Other vaccines (1)

Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults

Haemophilus influenzae vaccines (0)

Non-typeable (0)

Type B (0)

Antibiotics (2)

Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles

Azithromycin for acute lower respiratory tract infections

Vitamin C (1)

Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia

Zinc (1)

Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months (protocol stage)

Treatment (10)

Antibiotics (8)

Antibiotics for community acquired pneumonia in adult outpatients

Antibiotics for community acquired pneumonia in children

Antibiotics for ventilator-associated pneumonia (protocol stage)

Empiric antibiotic coverage of atypical pathogens for community acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults

Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in adults

Oral antibiotics versus parenteral antibiotics for severe pneumonia in children

Short course versus prolonged course antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults (protocol stage)

Short-course versus long-course antibiotic therapy for non-severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months

Symptomatic therapy (1)

Chest x-ray (1)

Chest radiograph in acute respiratory infections (withdrawn)

Vitamin A (1)

Vitamin A for non-measles pneumonia in children

Chlamydial pneumonia (0)

Steptocococcal pneumonia (1)

Antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in adults (protocol stage)

Klebsiella pneumoniae (0)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (0)

Sinusitis (5)

Acute sinusitis (5)

Prevention (0)

Antibiotics (0)

Symptomatic therapy (0)

Surgical interventions (see Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

Treatment (5)

Antibiotics (2)

Antibiotics in adults (1)

Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis

Antibiotics in children (1)

Antibiotics for persistent nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) in children (withdrawn)

Symptomatic therapy (1)

Heated, humidified air (0)

Other interventions (1)

Decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation for acute sinusitis in children (protocol stage)

Surgical interventions (see Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

Steroids (2)

Intranasal steroids for acute sinusitis

Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis (protocol stage)

Recurrent and chronic sinusitis (see also Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group) (0)

General Respiratory Tract Infection Systematic Reviews (25)

Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections

Antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving intensive care

Antibiotics for clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis in adults (protocol stage)

Antibiotics for community acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children

Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Antibiotics for undifferentiated acute respiratory tract infections in children under five years of age (protocol stage)

Azithromycin for acute lower respiratory tract infections

Combined DTP-HBV-HIB vaccine versus separately administered DTP-HBV and HIB vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B (HIB)

Comparing antibiotics for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (protocol stage)

Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure or continuous positive airway pressure for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children

Delayed antibiotics for respiratory infections

Homeopathic remedies for acute respiratory tract infections in children (protocol stage) (withdrawn)

Honey for acute cough in children (protocol stage)

Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children

Monoclonal antibodies for preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection (protocol stage) (withdrawn)

Oxygen therapy for lower respiratory tract infections in children between 3 months and 15 years of age

Pelargonium sidoides extract for acute respiratory tract infections

Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children

Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections (protocol stage)

Procalcitonin to initiate or withhold antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections (protocol stage)

Rapid viral diagnosis for acute febrile respiratory illness in children in the Emergency Department

Remediating buildings damaged by dampness and mould for preventing respiratory tract symptoms, infections and asthma (protocol stage)

Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections (protocol stage)

Supplementation with two or more micronutrients versus single micronutrient supplementation or placebo in young children (protocol stage) (withdrawn)

Vitamin A for preventing acute lower respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age

Other Respiratory Tract Infections (5)

Adenovirus infections (0)

Anaerobic infections of the respiratory tract (0)

Coronavirus infections (0)

Herpes simplex infections (0)

Histoplasmosis (0)

Infectious mononucleosis (Glandular fever) (1)

Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis

Legionnaire's disease (0)

Ornithosis (0)

Parainfluenza infections (0)

Q fever (0)

Rhinovirus infections (0)

Scarlet fever (0)

Torulosis (0)

Varicella infections (Chickenpox ) (3)

Acyclovir (1)

Acyclovir for treating varicella in otherwise healthy children and adolescents

Antivirals (1)

Antiviral prophylaxis for varicella zoster in immunocompromised patients (excluding haematological malignancies) (protocol stage)

Symptomatic treatment (0)

Vaccines (1)

Vaccines for post-exposure prophylaxis against varicella (chickenpox) in children and adults

SARS (1)

Chinese herbs combined with Western medicine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

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