| Oxygen versus air for nebulising beta-agonist bronchodilators in acute asthma |
| Oxytocin Antagonists for suppressing preterm birth after an episode of preterm labour |
| Oxytocin for induction of labour |
| Oxytocin for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term |
| Oxytocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage in non-facility birth settings |
| Oxytocin for reducing operative births in women with epidurals in labour |
| Oxytocin for treating Prader-Willi Syndrome |
| Oxytocin in high versus low doses for augmentation of delayed labour |
| Oxytocin injected into a vein or muscle for reducing blood loss after vaginal birth |
| Oxytocin receptor antagonists for inhibiting preterm labour |
| Oxytocin to prevent excessive blood loss for women during the third stage of labour |
| Ozanimod for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis |
| Ozone therapy as a treatment for foot ulcers in people with diabetes |
| Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries |
| Pacing for drug-refractory or drug-intolerant Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| Padma 28 for intermittent claudication |
| Pain control during panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy |
| Pain control using local anaesthetics to improve surgical results after shoulder, hip and knee replacement surgery |
| Pain in patients with inflammatory arthritis and gastrointestinal or liver problems |
| Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation |
| Pain management for rheumatoid arthritis with cardiovascular or renal comorbidity |
| Pain management for women in labour – an overview |
| Pain management for women in labour: generic protocol |
| Pain medications (NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) around the time of surgery in women undergoing breast surgery |
| Pain relief and side effects of a new regional anaesthetic technique (ESPB) |
| Pain relief for hysteroscopy as an outpatient |
| Pain relief for neonatal circumcision |
| Pain relief for removal of femoral sheath after cardiac procedures |
| Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction |
| Pain relief for women with pre-cancerous changes of the cervix (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)) undergoing outpatient treatment |
| Pain tablets taken by mouth for post-caesarean pain |
| Pain-relieving agents for infantile colic |
| Painkillers for relieving pain caused by orthodontic treatment |
| Painkillers other than opioids to treat pain in babies undergoing painful procedures |
| Painkillers, such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, before dental treatment in children and adolescents for reducing pain after treatment |
| Paliperidone palmitate for schizophrenia |
| Palivizumab for reducing the risk of severe RSV infection in children |
| Palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus infection prevention in children |
| Palivizumab vaccine for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with cystic fibrosis |
| Palliative (without intention to cure) chemotherapy and targeted therapies for cancer in the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction |
| Palliative biliary stents for obstructing pancreatic cancer |
| Palliative care for people with advanced dementia |
| Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis |
| Palliative gastric radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy versus non-radiotherapy approaches for locally advanced or metastatic (or both) gastric cancer |
| Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for steatorrhoea in pancreatic cancer |
| Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy timings in cystic fibrosis |
| Pancreatic enzyme supplements for people with cystic fibrosis |
| Pancreatic enzymes for chronic pancreatitis |
| Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine interventions |
| Paracetamol (acetaminophen) alone, or in combination with codeine or dihydrocodeine, for neuropathic pain in adults |
| Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for acute episodic tension-type headache in adults |
| Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for prevention or treatment of pain in newborns |
| Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine in adults |
| Paracetamol for cancer pain |
| Paracetamol for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents |
| Paracetamol for low back pain |
| Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth |
| Paracetamol for relief of perineal pain after birth |
| Paracetamol for treating fever in children |
| Paracetamol for treating people with hip or knee osteoarthritis |
| Paracetamol versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatoid arthritis |
| Paracetamol, NSAIDS and opioid analgesics for chronic low back pain: a network meta-analysis |
| Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of 'dry mouth' due to radiotherapy |
| Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism |
| Parathyroidectomy for chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) |
| Paravertebral block versus thoracic epidural for patients undergoing thoracotomy |
| Parecoxib delivered intramuscularly or intravenously (injected in to the muscle or the vein) for acute postoperative pain in adults |
| Parent mediated reading interventions for children aged birth to 48 months |
| Parent training for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years |
| Parent training for improving parental psychosocial health |
| Parent training for parents with intellectual disabilities |
| Parent training programmes for managing infantile (baby) colic |
| Parent-infant psychotherapy for improving parent and infant well-being |
| Parent-initiated oral corticosteroid therapy for intermittent wheezing illnesses in children |
| Parent-mediated intervention delivered through telehealth for children with autism spectrum disorder |
| Parent-mediated interventions to promote communication and language development in young children with Down syndrome |
| Parent-only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years |
| Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients |
| Parenting programmes for improving the parenting skills and outcomes for incarcerated parents and their children |
| Parenting programmes for incarcerated parents |
| Parenting programmes for parents with schizophrenia or related serious mental illness |
| Parenting programmes for teenage parents and their children |
| Parenting programmes for the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood |
| Parenting programmes for the treatment of physical child abuse and neglect |
| Paroxetine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression |
| PARP inhibitors for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer |
| Partial agonists for the treatment of high blood pressure. |
| Partial breast irradiation for early breast cancer |
| Partial exchange transfusion to prevent neurodevelopmental disability in infants with polycythemia |
| Partial liquid ventilation for mechanical ventilation of severely ill children with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| Partial nephrectomy for the treatment of clinically localised renal carcinomas |
| Partial or total hip replacement compared with fracture fixation for treating hip fractures located outside the hip joint |
| Partial removal of skull (decompressive craniectomy) to lower treatment-resistant high pressure in the skull and brain after traumatic brain injury |
| Participants from across Russia and beyond gather for the third Cochrane Workshop in Kazan |
| Participation in environmental enhancement and conservation activities for health and well-being in adults |
| Participation in rehabilitation programmes that include regular exercise, can improve the quality of life for people with heart disease |
| Participation of traditional, complementary and alternative health practitioners in conventional health systems in low- and middle-income countries |
| Particle therapy versus conventional radiotherapy for lung cancer |
| Partnerships for knowledge translation |
| Passiflora for the treatment of anxiety disorders in adults |
| Passive Abeta immunisation for the treatment of Alzheimers disease |
| Passive immunisation (giving antibodies) for preventing rubella (German measles) after contact with it |
| Passive movements for the treatment and prevention of contractures |
| Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy |
| Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty |
| Patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty |
| Patellar or hamstring tendon grafts for ACL reconstruction in adults |
| Patent foramen ovale closure versus medical therapy for preventing further stroke or similar events in people who have had a stroke of unknown cause |
| Patient and lay carer education for preventing pressure ulceration in at-risk populations |
| Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus non-patient controlled opioid analgesia for controlling postoperative pain |
| Patient decision aids to help people who are facing decisions about health treatment or screening |
| Patient decision aids to help people who are facing decisions about health treatment or screening |
| Patient education and support for people with schizophrenia by using information and communication technology |
| Patient education for fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis |
| Patient education for mechanical neck disorders |
| Patient education for neck pain |
| Patient education for preventing venous leg ulceration |
| Patient education shows short-term benefits for adults with rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Patient isolation measures for infants with candida colonization or infection for preventing or reducing transmission of candida in neonatal units |
| Patient navigator programmes for children and adolescents with chronic diseases |
| Patient support and education for promoting adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS |
| Patient support programmes (psychosocial interventions) for improving quality of life in adults undergoing squint surgery |
| Patient-adjusted versus health professional-adjusted insulin dosing for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Patient-controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative analgesic methods for pain relief in labour |
| Patient-controlled intravenous pain relief compared to pain relief into the epidural space following abdominal surgery in adults |
| Patient-held clinical information for people with psychotic illnesses |
| Patient-initiated appointments for people with chronic conditions managed in hospital outpatient settings |
| Patient-mediated interventions to improve professional practice |
| Patient-specific cutting guides for total knee arthroplasty |
| Patients and carers |
| Patients and consumers at Cochrane's Edinburgh Colloquium |
| Patients record systems: effects on dental practice and patient oral health outcomes |
| Patients with a predicted severe attack of callsone-associated acute pancreatitis need early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| Patients with refractory ascites may temporarily benefit from transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunts |
| Patterns of breastfeeding, according to the baby or according to the clock |
| Pay for performance (payment or penalty methods to encourage hospitals to increase quality of care) |
| Paying for performance to improve the delivery of healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries |
| Payment methods for healthcare providers in outpatient healthcare settings |
| Payment methods for outpatient care facilities |
| PCSK9 inhibition for primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia |
| PCSK9 inhibitors for prevention of cardiovascular disease |
| PCV chemotherapy for recurrent high grade glioma |
| PDE5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension |
| Pedestrian safety education for children can improve their knowledge and change their road crossing behaviour, but effects on injury are unknown |
| Pedicle screw fixation methods for traumatic fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine |
| Pedicle screw-based dynamic stabilisation systems versus pedicle screw-based rigid fusion system for lumbar degenerative diseases |
| Peer support for schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses |
| Peer support interventions for family carers of adults with chronic mental or physical illness who are living at home |
| Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs |
| Peer support strategies for improving the health and well-being of individuals with chronic diseases |
| Peer support telephone calls to improve health and health behaviours |
| Peer-based interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected women |
| Peginterferon alpha-2a versus peginterferon alpha-2b for chronic hepatitis C |
| Peginterferon plus ribavirin is more effective than interferon plus ribavirin in clearing hepatitis C virus |
| Pegloticase for chronic gout |
| Pegylated granulocyte colony stimulating factor versus non-pegylated granulocyte colony stimulating factor for patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| Pegylated interferon for acute hepatitis C |
| Pegylated interferon for chronic hepatitis B |
| Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for multiple myeloma |
| Pelargonium sidoides (Umckaloabo), a herbal remedy, for treating acute respiratory tract infections |
| Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence in women |
| Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women |
| Pelvic floor muscle training helps reduce stress and mixed incontinence but it is not clear if it is better than other treatments. |
| Pelvic floor muscle training versus other active treatments for urinary incontinence in women |
| Pelvimetry for fetal cephalic presentations at or near term for deciding on mode of delivery |
| Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for treating advanced bladder cancer after recurrence/progression following platinum-based chemotherapy |
| Pemetrexed disodium (new anticancer drug) significantly increases the length of survival, as well as relieves symptoms of mesothelioma |
| Penfluridol for schizophrenia |
| Penicillamine for treating rheumatoid arthritis |
| Penicillin reduces the risk of streptococcal throat infections and attacks of rheumatic fever in people who have already had a bout of rheumatic fever |
| Penile rehabilitation for post prostatectomy erectile dysfunction |
| Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous blood clots |
| Pentasaccharides for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis |
| Pentoxifylline and vitamin E alone or in combination for preventing and treating side effects of radiation therapy and concomitant chemoradiotherapy |
| Pentoxifylline for critical limb ischaemia |
| Pentoxifylline for diabetic eye disease |
| Pentoxifylline for diabetic kidney disease |
| Pentoxifylline for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants |
| Pentoxifylline for treating venous leg ulcers. |
| Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates |
| Pentoxifylline for women with endometriosis |
| Pentoxifylline, propentofylline and pentifylline for acute ischaemic stroke |
| People who quit smoking after a heart attack or cardiac surgery reduce their risk of death by at least one third |
| People who undergo bypass surgery for narrowed coronary vessels may be less likely to need re-intervention than those treated using angioplasty with stents |
| People who undergo ureteroscopy for the treatment of stones achieve a higher stone-free rate, but have more complications and longer hospital stay |
| People with dementia may benefit from naftidrofuryl |
| People with opioid dependence require substantial therapeutic effort to keep them drug free. Their use of illicit opioids can be reduced and retention in treatment improved with supervised agonist replacement therapy with |
| PEP therapy in bronchiectasis |
| Perampanel add-on for drug-resistant focal epilepsy |
| Perampanel monotherapy for epilepsy |
| Perazine for schizophrenia |
| Perceptions and experiences of labour companionship |
| Perceptions and experiences of the prevention, detection and management of postpartum haemorrhage: a qualitative evidence synthesis |
| Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting for adults with diabetes and multivessel coronary disease |
| Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases |
| Percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of early liver cancer |
| Percutaneous needle aspiration does not seem to help patients with uncomplicated amoebic liver abscesses |
| Percutaneous needle aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration with or without benzimidazole coverage for uncomplicated hepatic hydatid cysts |
| Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for vertebral artery stenosis |
| Percutaneous transluminal rotational atherectomy for coronary artery disease |
| Perfusion techniques for liver retrieval in liver donors |
| Pergolide for levodopa-induced complications in Parkinson's disease |
| Pergolide versus bromocriptine for levodopa-induced complications in Parkinson's disease |
| Peri-articular/intra-articular infiltration analgesia with local anaesthetic versus nerve block for postoperative pain and function in patients receiving major knee surgery |
| Peri-implantation glucocorticoid administration for assisted reproductive technology cycles |
| Peri-operative antibiotics for hand trauma involving tendons and nerves |
| Peri-operative antibiotics for superficial hand trauma |
| Periarticular analgesia for postoperative pain following total hip replacement |
| Periarticular analgesia for postoperative pain following total knee replacement |
| Periconceptional supplementation with folate and/or multivitamins for preventing neural tube defects |
| Pericyazine for the treatment of schizophrenia |
| Perinatal internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for preventing postnatal depression |
| Perineal dilators for facilitating the second stage of labour |
| Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma |
| Periodic change of body position under phototherapy in term and preterm neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia |
| Periodic change of body position under phototherapy in term and preterm neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia |
| Periodic measurement of the containment volume of the stomach during tube feeding |
| Periodontal treatment for blood pressure control |
| Perioperative antibiotics for preventing post-surgical site infections in solid organ transplant recipients |
| Perioperative antioxidants for adults undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery |
| Perioperative corticosteroids for patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery (CORPUS) |
| Perioperative corticosteroids for reducing postoperative complications following esophagectomy |
| Perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery programmes for women with gynaecological cancers |
| Perioperative glucocorticoid stress dose for adult surgical patients at risk of adrenal insufficiency |
| Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery |
| Perioperative interventions for smoking cessation in hip and knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases |
| Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery |
| Perioperative intravenous magnesium for preventing atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass |
| Perioperative ketamine for acute postoperative pain |
| Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery |
| Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following tonsillectomy |
| Perioperative prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics for elective abdominal surgery in adults |
| Perioperative prophylactic antibiotics in head and neck cancer surgery |
| Perioperative statin use to improve outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery |
| Perioperative systemic chemo-immunotherapy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma |
| Perioperative use of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in people with inflammatory arthritis |
| Perioperative warming therapy for preventing surgical site infection in adults undergoing surgery |
| Peripheral laser iridotomy for pigmentary glaucoma |
| Peripheral nerve blocks compared to other types of pain relief for people having total hip joint replacement surgery |
| Peripheral nerve blocks for postoperative pain after major knee surgery |
| Peripheral retinal ablation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants |
| Peripheral venous blood gas analysis versus arterial blood gas analysis for the diagnosis of respiratory failure and metabolic disturbance in adults |
| Peripherally inserted central catheter design and material for reducing catheter failure and complications |
| Peritoneal dialysis for acute kidney injury |
| Peritoneal dialysis versus haemodialysis for people commencing dialysis |
| Peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy as initial surgical treatment for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation in preterm low birth weight infants |
| Permissive hypercapnia for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants |
| Perphenazine for schizophrenia |
| Perphenazine versus low-potency first-generation drugs for schizophrenia |
