Australasian Cochrane Centre

1996 Colloquium Abstracts - Workshops


Monday 21st October, 1.30pm - 3.30 pm

Applicability of Reviews and Trials

Presenters: Paul Glasziou, Dianne O'Connell, Joseph Lau, David Henry

Type of Workshop: Discussion:

Target Audience:

Aims

  1. to present a brief review of current thinking about generalisability (based on a review commissioned by the UK's NHS),
  2. empirical data on the constancy (or lack thereof) of the relative and absolute risks for different control group event rates, based on about 60 meta-analyses from the Cochrane perinatal trial database and similar number from meta-analyses from 7 leading medical journals published over the past 6 years (J Lau),
  3. to discuss whether and how issues of applicability should be managed by individual reviewers.


Building Cochrane Inventories

Presenters: Robert Hayward, David Badger, Monica Fischer

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Cochrane Centre Administrators and staff and members of the Cochrane Informatics Group

Aims

To review problems and possible solutions in building, maintaining and disseminating registries of people, projects (review groups, networks, methods groups, etc) and products (position papers, reviews, protocols, handbooks, software, etc).

The Cochrane Collaboration increasingly needs to integrate and link its membership and product databases. Collaboration members and clients require access to subsets of this information from multiple locations and time-zones world-wide. The Cochrane Informatics Group has developed prototype systems that can help to achieve these ends.

This workshop will review the nature of information stored in past and present Cochrane databases and inventories, including Client Manager, Review Manager, lists of hand-searched journals, and registries of controlled trials. Object-oriented approaches to data management will be described. Alternative methods of exchanging information between different databases and software products will be considered.

The workshop will combine didactic presentation (covering basic concepts in information management) with practical demonstration and hands-on experience. Participants will use the Health Information Resource Executive software to build a demonstration Inventory of a Cochrane review group.


Placebo Effects in RCTs and Consequences for Systematic Reviews

Presenters: Jos Kleijnen, Peter Gotzsche

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Anyone interested in this topic

Aims

A research agenda to investigate these phenomena. The workshop would consist of an introduction of 30-40 minutes followed by a discussion.

Outcomes

The making of a draft report.


Identifying and Registering Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials (Introductory)

Presenters: Carol Lefebvre, Steven McDonald

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Administrators of Collaborative Review Groups (CRGs) and others who have a responsibility for, or an interest in, developing and maintaining specialized registers of trials on behalf of CRGs. Priority will be given to registered CRGs, and those involved in convening meetings for possible CRGs. This workshop is aimed at those new to, or with little experience of, developing and maintaining registers of reports of trials.

Aims

The process of conducting systematic reviews is facilitated by access to a comprehensive and regularly updated specialized register of reports of RCTs. The workshop will provide a forum for participants to discuss issues relating to identifying and registering trials, and will provide an opportunity to offer technical guidance in these areas. It will concentrate specifically on methods to ensure that registers are as comprehensive as possible in respect of sources searched (ie journal handsearching and electronic database searching), and methods to ensure that registers are updated as efficiently as possible.


Conversion of Reviews Into the Cochrane Format

Presenters: Cynthia Mulrow

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience

Aims

Outcomes


SECT: A New Instrument for Assessing the Strength of Evidence of Clinical Trials

Presenters: Franz Porzsolt

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: People with experience in appraisal of clinical trials

Aims

To validate an instrument (SECT) together with the workshop participants.

Outcomes

Reduction of the variance in the appraisal of clinical trials.


Looking for Evidence Through Advanced Meta-analytical Techniques for Repeated Measurements; the Case of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Presenters: F Carinci, A Nicolucci, J G Graepel, J M Lachin

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Analysts/Statisticians

Aims

  1. to give details about the techniques applied, particularly about:
    1. variance imputation assumptions in the case of incomplete published data and
    2. meta-analysis of trials with different follow up observations and repeated measurements
  2. to compare results from published data with those from individual data
  3. to discuss the clinical implications of delays caused by the collection of individual patient data vs statistical precision of the estimates


Tuesday 22nd October, 11.00 am - 12.30 pm

Editing Cochrane Reviews

Presenters: Jeremy Anderson, Clive Adams

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: People who currently edit Cochrane reviews or who are considering doing so, preferably the former.

Aims

The workshop will be an informal discussion of the pleasures and pains of editing Cochrane reviews led by two editors of the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, Jeremy Anderson and Clive Adams.

The primary orientation of the workshop will be reflective rather than instructive. That is, it will provide an opportunity to share the experiences of review group editors rather than to produce a 'how to edit' kit.

A secondary objective is to gather information about the operation of editorial groups to inform future editions of whatever replaces the Cochrane Handbook.

Outcomes

An opportunity for review group editors to share experiences.

Identification of strengths and weaknesses of current approaches to editorial responsibility within review groups.


The Nuts and Bolts of Setting up a Refereeing System for CRGs

Presenters: Lisa Bero, Drummond Rennie, Emma Harvey

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: CRG editors and administrators

Aims

To help CRGs develop processes for identifying referees, coordinating the collection and response to criticism, maintaining databases of referees, and studying the outcomes of the refereeing process. Part of the workshop will be devoted to answering questions from the participants about how to implement a refereeing system that works.

Outcomes

Efficient and standardised procedures for the pre-publication refereeing of Cochrane Reviews.


Sources of Complexity: Implications for Conducting and Interpreting Systematic Reviews

Presenters: Jeremy Grimshaw, Darryl Wieland, Peter Langhorne

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Cochrane Reviewers in areas where issues of complexity relating to study populations, intervention, study design (including multiple outcomes) influence the conduct and interpretation of systematic reviews.

Aims

This training workshop aims to:

  1. define complexity and consider its potential importance for systematic reviews
  2. consider potential sources of complexity
  3. consider the implications of complexity for the conduct of systematic reviews
  4. identify practical strategies for considering complexity during the conduct of systematic reviews
  5. consider the implications of complexity for the interpretation of systematic reviews
  6. identify practical strategies for considering complexity during the interpretation of systematic reviews.

Outcomes

Participants will have fun, be intellectually stimulated and challenge the facilitators. In addition, participants will have a greater understanding about sources of complexity, implications for the conduct and interpretation of systematic reviews and practical strategies for dealing with complexity.


Quality Control in Handsearching

Presenters: Karen Robinson, Jean-Pierre Boissel

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Those responsible for training and coordinating handsearchers in Collaborative Review Groups, Cochrane Centres and other entities

Aims

To bring together those involved in handsearching journals (and those likely to be involved in the future) to discuss what quality control is being done at present, and to develop guidelines on how this important aspect should be approached.

Outcomes

The task of handsearching the medical literature is one that should only be carried out once, and thus this should be as complete and as accurate as possible. The control of the quality for this task should therefore guarantee this.


Special Concerns of Collaborators in Developing Countries

Presenters: Sayomporn Sirinavin, Meenu Singh

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: People from developing countries and anyone who can contribute to discussion on this topic

Aims

To share experiences, problems and solutions in Collaboration from developing countries.

Outcomes

Some solutions for Cochrane Collaborators from developing countries.


Providing Training for Reviewers

Presenters: Lelia Duley, Bernie Towler

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Providers of training for reviewers, reviewers and editors.

Aims

To review the experience in planning, conducting and participating in training activities for reviewers, to identify immediate and future training needs for reviewers, and to explore ways in which those needs can be met.

Outcomes

Report summarising the discussion and outlining recommendations and action points.


Consumer Participation in the Cochrane Collaboration

Presenters: Hilda Bastian, Christina Funnell, Jean Jones

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Consumers and members of the Collaboration wanting to involve consumers.

Aims

To review the current experience of consumers in the Collaboration and identify ways of improving consumers participation.

Outcomes

Increasing participants' knowledge of ways consumers are, and could be, involved in the Collaboration.


Tuesday 22nd October, 1.30 pm - 3.30 pm

Establishing a Review Group

Presenters: Iain Chalmers, Alessandro Liberati

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Cochrane Centre Directors, Staff at the editorial bases of existing CRGs, Convenors of exploratory meetings for new CRGs

Aims

To provide a forum for discussing:
1. the process leading up to registration of a Cochrane CRG
2. the factors which may promote or hinder successful functioning of CRGs

Outcomes

1. mutual education among participants about ways of promoting successful functioning of collaborative review groups
2. information to help in further revisions of the material currently included in Section II of the Handbook


Collaborative Word Processing: Creating Shared Electronic Documents

Presenters: Robert Hayward, David Badger

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Cochrane Editors, Authors and Publishers

Aims

To introduce problems and solutions in Cochrane document design, writing, editing and dissemination; with special attention to challenges and opportunities in electronic publications.

The Cochrane Collaboration increasingly depends upon multi-author efforts to produce information resources that can be maintained and distributed in a variety of formats, including paper and electronic media. To improve the quality of these resources while conserving the effort to produce and sustain them, new approaches to document design are advocated for Cochrane authors and editors. The Cochrane Handbook results from multiple authors, editors and programmers and is an excellent example of how a single source document, with links to a bibliographic database, can be developed and distributed.

The following topics will be addressed: Document personae, Exposing structure, Managing references, Tables and figures, Hypertext types and techniques, Version control, Multiple-media (paper, disk, Internet) dissemination.

The workshop will combine didactic presentation with demonstration and hands-on experience. A demonstration WordPerfect document will be edited, marked up, and prepared for paper and electronic dissemination. Microsoft Word, Reference Manager, Internet Assistant, and the Health Information Resource Executive will be used.

Outcomes

This workshop will address a broad range of information problems associated with the preparation and dissemination of Cochrane information resources. Through demonstration and practice, workshop participants will uncover the architecture of a Cochrane document, will learn basic principles of document design and mark up, will appreciate the pros and cons of alternative approaches to bibliographic database maintenance, and will learn how to create links between various Cochrane Information Resources.


Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Tests

Presenters: Paul Glasziou, Les Irwig

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Those interested in doing their own meta-analysis of diagnostic tests

Aims

The workshop would introduce people to the methods required for doing a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy, namely:

  1. how to identify studies of diagnostic tests
  2. how to assess the quality of those studies, and
  3. methods for statistically combining the results of multiple studies to give a summary ROC curve.

Outcomes

Understanding and skills in doing diagnostic test meta-analysis.


Assessing the Quality of Trials

Presenters: Alejandro Jadad, David Moher

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Reviewers, methodologist representatives

Aims

  1. to provide attendees with a review of how trial quality has been defined and assessed as part of the conduct of systematic reviews
  2. to discuss the strengths and main limitations of quality assessment
  3. to highlight the skills and logistics required to assess trial quality
  4. to discuss the role that future structure reporting of trials could have in improving the quality of trial reports
  5. to identify areas where further research is required

Outcomes

  1. to raise awareness on the limitations and potential benefits of the assessment of trial quality and structure reporting of trials as part of systematic reviews
  2. to motivate attendees to participate in the design and conduct of methodological studies on the assessment of trial quality


Identifying and Registering Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials (Advanced)

Presenters: Carol Lefebvre, Steven McDonald

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Administrators of Collaborative Review Groups (CRGs) and others who have a responsibility for, or an interest in, developing and maintaining specialized registers of trials on behalf of CRGs. Priority will be given to registered CRGs, and those involved in convening meetings for possible CRGs. This workshop is aimed at those with some experience of developing and maintaining registers of reports of trials.

Aims

The process of conducting systematic reviews is facilitated by access to a comprehensive and regularly updated specialized register of reports of RCTs. The workshop will provide a forum for participants to discuss issues relating to identifying and registering trials, and will provide an opportunity to offer technical guidance in these areas. It will concentrate specifically on methods to ensure that registers are as comprehensive as possible in respect of sources searched (ie journal handsearching and electronic database searching), and methods to ensure that registers are updated as efficiently as possible.


An Introduction to Statistical Methods for Pooling Data

Presenters: Dianne O'Connell, Jon Deeks

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: People carrying out reviews and using RevMan who would like to know about the data analysis/data display facilities in RevMan; people who are new to systematic reviews and want to learn about the statistical issues related to pooling data.

Aims

An introduction to meta-analytical methods will be presented including: the rationale for using meta-analysis to combine study results; the choice of measure of treatment effect (odds ratio, relative risk, absolute risk, weighted mean difference, standardised mean difference); basic methods for combining measures of treatment effect from studies; test for heterogeneity and choice of fixed versus random effect models. Methods will be demonstrated using RevMan.


Wednesday 23rd October, 11.00 am - 1.00 pm

The Cochrane Collaboration and the Internet

Presenters: David Badger

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Those who have had little or no experience of using the Internet

Aims

This will be a training workshop aimed at those who have had little or no experience of using the Internet. It will cover email, file transfer, and World Wide Web applications with the main focus being "How can we use this to enhance our work in the Collaboration?" rather than focussing on the technology itself.


Advanced Issues of Complexity in Conducting and Interpreting Reviews

Presenters: Jeremy Grimshaw, Peter Langhorne, Darryl Wieland, Finn Borlum Kristensen

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Cochrane Reviewers in areas where issues of complexity relating to study populations, intervention, study design (including multiple outcomes) influence the conduct and interpretation of systematic reviews.

Aims

To provide a forum to discuss issues relating to complexity in the conduct of trials and systematic reviews.

Outcomes

Participants will have fun, be intellectually stimulated and challenge the facilitators.


Advanced Training Workshop in Review Manager (RevMan) and the Review Process

Presenters: Emma Harvey, Andy Oxman

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Priority will be given to CRG Administrators and others involved in supporting reviewers using RevMan. This workshop is aimed at individual who already have some experience in supporting reviewers using RevMan.

Aims

This workshop will provide participants with an opportunity to discuss the key features of the RevMan software and in particular, its place in the review process as a whole. It will provide them with an opportunity to ask questions about developing reviews, including key methodological concepts, discuss common problems they encounter and how to deal with them, exchange experience and brainstorm about the best way to provide support to reviewers (particularly with respect to administrators' role).


Indexing Cochrane Information Entities

Presenters: William Hersh

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Those interested in indexing and registries

Aims

Evidence-based medicine will not be a reality until developers and users of evidence-based products can access them in an easy manner. The main goal of this workshop is for members of the Coding and Classification Methods Group (CCMG) and other interested Collaboration members to continue working towards developing an approach for indexing Cochrane information entities, including reviews, trials, and reviewer interests. In this workshop we plan to present indexing work already done by the CCMG and discuss how this work can be expanded to meet the needs of the entire collaboration. We will also discuss how CCMG efforts can be coordinated with other efforts, such as development of the parent database and the registry of clinical trials.


Introductory Training Workshop in Review Manager (RevMan) and the Review Process

Presenters: Beverley Shea

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Priority will be given to CRG Administrators and others involved in supporting reviewers using RevMan. This workshop is aimed at individuals with little or no experience in supporting reviewers using RevMan.

Aims

This workshop will provide participants with an opportunity to become familiar with key features of the software developed by the Collaboration to help reviewers prepare systematic reviews (RevMan). Participants will be able to gain some hands-on experience with data input, and they will begin to learn how to answer frequently asked questions posed by reviewers to staff at the editorial bases of collaborative review groups. The workshop should provide an open, interactive environment for questions and answers intended to facilitate learning.


Dealing With Bias in Trial Identification and Prospective Meta-analysis

Presenters: John Simes

Type of Workshop

Target Audience:

Aims

Outcomes


Individual Patient Data Reviews

Presenters: Lesley Stewart, Mike Clarke

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Those wishing to do an IPD review

Aims

To provide practical guidance on how to carry out an IPD review.

Outcomes

By the end of the workshop, participants should be able to decide both whether their review should be based on IPD and, if so, how best to do this.


Using Pro-Cite

Presenters: Ben Thornley, Clive Adams

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience:

Aims

  1. how to up-load all you want from MEDLINE,
  2. how to up-load from ANY database - includes some spectacular tricks with WordPerfect,
  3. what to do is you up-load all wrong,
  4. dump those dupes!,
  5. Salami publications - setting up ProCite to identify all REPORTS of all TRIALS found by a given search - a sort of 'relational' database - WordPerfect Macro supplied!,
  6. using ProCite as a database for recording data variables for future use in Excel and beyond,
  7. importing data from ProCite to Excel,
  8. other dodges, scams and cheats we come across between now and October.


Thursday 24th October, 11.00 am - 1.00 pm

Evaluation of the Cochrane Library

Presenters: Kay Dickersin, Lisa Bero, Mark Starr, Jos Kleijnen

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Users and contributors to Library

Aims

To present the short and long term goals for the Library; to review existing elements of the Library; to share out experiences with it; and to make suggestions for future disk issues. Conveners will make short structured presentations on key elements of the Library, as a way of orienting the discussion.

Outcomes

A report to the Cochrane Collaboration Steering Committee.


Advanced Electronic Searching to Identify Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials in MEDLINE and EMBASE

Presenters: Carol Lefebvre, Steven McDonald

Type of Workshop: Training

Target Audience: Those with experience of conducting their own searches of MEDLINE

Aims

The workshop will be a combination of short presentations, demonstrations, and hands-on sessions. Participants will have the opportunity of taking away a floppy disk of the MEDLINE and EMBASE highly sensitive search strategies.


The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Cochrane Collaboration

Presenters: Alain Li Wan Po, Andrew Herxheimer

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Any contributor undertaking systematic reviews of drugs

Aims

To initiate discussions on optimal interface between the Cochrane Collaboration and the drug industry.

Outcomes

Set of recommendations and highlights of issues requiring further discussion.


Reaching Out: External Communication and Changing the Culture in Health Care

Presenters: Mark Lodge, Edward Dickinson

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: CRGs, Fields, Centres, Software Development

Aims

    To demonstrate and discuss how the Collaboration can:
  1. best communicate and liaise externally
  2. make its product both relevant and attractive to target audiences
  3. use its current work more effectively to change the prevailing non-evidence-based culture

Outcomes

Strategic analysis of what opportunities are available to Cochrane entities to facilitate change in the prevailing non-evidence-based health care culture through external communication; what are the barriers to progress, and how they can be overcome.


Standards for the Performance of Systematic Reviews in the Perinatal Field

Presenters: Arne Ohlsson, Terri Myhr

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Perinatologists (Obstetricians/ Neonatologists)

Aims

    To highlight the needs for obstetric/neonatal reviewers to cooperate in:
  1. defining common perinatal events/diagnoses used as outcomes in perinatal randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
  2. the design and execution of RCTs in the perinatal field
  3. the systematic review/meta-analysis of RCTs
  4. obtaining unpublished data
  5. abstracting data from primary studies
  6. assessing the quality of studies included in meta-analysis
  7. performing and interpreting statistical tests for homogeneity/heterogeneity
  8. disseminating the results of systematic reviews/meta-analyses
  9. detecting duplicate publication
  10. encouraging primary investigators to protect/keep original data
  11. establishing standards for performing systematic reviews/meta-analyses in the perinatal/neonatal field

Outcomes

Part 1 (Lecture - 1 hour) By attending this workshop the participants will be able to identify bias/errors in currently published systematic reviews of antenatal interventions to reduce perinatal/neonatal adverse outcomes - and how such bias/errors can possibly be avoided.

Part 2 (Interactive session - 1 hour) The participants will work towards a consensus on how to perform systematic reviews/meta-analyses of perinatal interventions aimed at reducing adverse perinatal outcomes.


Clinical Practice Guidelines

Presenters: Jayne Ross

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Clinicians, government and researchers

Aims

To demonstrate the process of involving different sectors of the health system in the move to evidence based decision making in health care.

Outcomes

By the end of the workshop participants will understand the benefits of being involved in developing clinical practice guidelines and how the health care sectors can collaborate in this.


Ethics and Funding Issues

Presenters: Chris Silagy, Lisa Bero

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Anyone involved with the Cochrane Collaboration who is trying to seek funding to support their activities and anyone involved as an actual or potential funder of Cochrane Collaboration activities.

Aims

To examine the draft ethical policy for the Cochrane Collaboration, particularly in relation to guidelines for seeking, and receiving, financial support and or sponsorship from non government sources, such as industry.

To explore strategies for increasing funding for Cochrane related activities without compromising the Collaboration's ethical principles.

Outcomes

Recommendations regarding acceptance, with or without modification, of the proposed ethical policy for the Cochrane Collaboration.

Suggested strategy for increasing funding for Cochrane related activities without compromising the Collaboration's ethical principles.


Evidence-based practice in Public Health: issues and progress

Presenters: Sarah Hayward, Marilyn James

Type of Workshop: Discussion

Target Audience: Practitioners, researchers, managers and policy makers in public health.

Aims

To highlight and examine key issues in promoting evidence-based public health practice.

Outcomes

  1. to provide an opportunity for researchers, reviewers, practitioners, managers and policy-makers to discuss the use of research information in public health,
  2. to identify key problems and issues, both methodological and structural, in producing systematic reviews,
  3. to highlight contributions of participating countries/organisations to Cochrane Collaboration activity.


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This page was last updated on 18 November 1996
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